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Many methods of monoacylation of primary amides were studied ; one, the sulphuric acid-catalysed reaction of amides with anhydrides at 100". w a s found to be very general. Several new acyclic imides were synthesised, including compounds as diverse as N-acetylvaleramide, N-valeryl-4-methylvaleramide, and 3a-acetoxy-N-acetylcholanamide. In two cases symmetrical imides related to the anhydride used were identified as minor by-products of the synthesis of mixed imides.WHEREAS cyclic imides such as succinimide and pht.ha1imide are well known and useful compounds, acyclic imides (A'-acylamides, R1*CO*NH*CO*RA) have been practically ignored. The reason is that while a way to make any desired imide can eventually be found, all attempts to devise a general method have fai1ed.lWe are trying to develop the photorearrangement of N-chloro-imides to 4-~hloro-imides,~ which are useful for conversion into lactones and pyrrolidone~,~ into a low and variable yields. Conversions, at least as measured by g.l.c., were improved by lowering the reaction temperature and changing the catalyst to acetyl bromide, but isolation of pure products on a preparative scale remained difficult and tedious. Results of these experiments are given in Table 1, nos. 7,9,10, 13, 17, and 23.The by-products of these reactions may often include not only nitriles, acids and tar, but also other imides.

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Lipids extracted from the scalp hair of Caucasian boys, teenagers and adults and Black Teenagers of a boarding school, were saponified and the groups compared with respect to the total fatty acids by multiple discriminant analysis. The lipid yields from Black ranged higher than those from Caucasians. Among the Caucasians, differences based on age were not significant. The total acids of hair lipids from Blacks differed significantly as compared to those of the White groups, a trend also supported by analyses of acids in lipid classes of men 24–70 years of age. Hair from the latter was pooled according to race and scalp condition (balding and non‐balding). With the latter 4 adult categories, acids of the mono‐, di‐ and tri‐acylglycerols and the free fatty acids were ascertained and compared, both on the basis of the over‐all acids as well as in terms of the prominent saturated and unsaturated homologs. Racial differences were encountered in the fatty acids, the saturated acids distinguishing the free fatty acids and triacylglycerols and the unsaturated, the mono‐ and di‐acylglycerols. For each category, the ratios of free fatty acids to triacylglycerols were not significant in contrast to the component acids as such. As based on the acids, significant differences also occurred with scalp condition in the respective racial groupings.

Lipids extracted from the kidneys of adults with renal cell carcinoma or infection after careful dissection of lesions and from organs showing minimal alterations were saponified and the fatty acids converted to the methyl esters. Gas chromatographic criteria were applied to the esters as such and to hydrogenated aliquots, and the relative percentages of the component acids were ascertained. The various lipid classes were well represented in the total fatty acid mixtures. The unsaturated acids ranged higher than the saturated homologs. Comparisons of the fatty acids were carried out on the basis of age, sex, kidney position, mode of ascquisition (surgery and autopsy), and pathology. Several small but statistically significant differences were discerned according to the categories but with few exceptions, these involved acids occurring at low levels and with wide variance.