Natural fiber composites (NFC) are getting more attention and importance over synthetic fibers in terms of their various advantages and applications. Nonetheless, the applications are restricted because of their poor mechanical properties and high moisture absorption, contrasted with synthetic fiber composites. To overcome the previously mentioned issues and to extend the potential applications, an endeavor has been made in the current study to investigate and describe the hybrid natural fibers/epoxy matrix composites. In the present work hybrid composites combining four different natural fibers such as, jute fibers (JF), coir fibers (CF), banana (Nendran variety) fibers (BF) and palm (PF) (Asian palmyra) were fabricated through hand layup method at various weight percentages. The mechanical attributes, such as tensile, flexural, impact and hardness of hybrid fibers reinforced epoxy composites were determined. Furthermore, scanning electron microscope (SEM), X-ray diffraction, Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) and atomic force microscopy (AFM) analysis likewise showed the fiber holding, information about the structure of crystalline materials, chemical composition and measure the adhesion strength and mechanical attributes of fibers respectively.
Jute fibers are totally biodegradable and recyclable
substances, i.e., environmentally friendly substances. The
contemporary annual global production of jute fiber is ready 3. 2
million tons and used for diverse packages. Various research is
being accomplished to discover a suitable substitute for the nonbio degradable plastic strengthened composites, which has a
negative effect at the environment. The mercerization technique
is executed the use of 8% of sodium in water to form the sodium
hydroxide (NaOH). The property of the fabric is similarly
promoted with the aid of adding mud crab shell powder and
mussels shell powder all through the hand moulding process. The
composite fabric is evolved with the assist of isophthalic polyester
resin with 2% of accelerator and hardener used at the side of it.
Experiments are executed as according to ASTM requirements to
discover the mechanical properties. In addition to mechanical
properties HDT(Heat Deflection Test) and rate of burning test
are done. With help of the studies and study,Jute fabric mat can
be used as an alternate for plastic components (non bio
degradable).
In this study, for the first time analysis of a low heat rejection engine was carried out along with the addition of oxidation inhibitors. If the combustion chamber components of the engine such as piston, cylinder head, and inlet and outlet valves are insulated with a thermal barrier material, then the engine will be referred as low heat rejection engine. In this study yttria stabilized zirconia was coated on the combustion chamber components for a thickness of about 150 microns. Then the analysis of performance parameters such as brake thermal efficiency and specific fuel consumption and emission characteristics such as emission of carbon monoxide, hydrocarbon and nitrogen oxide was carried out in single cylinder four stroke diesel engine with electrical loading using diesel and pongamia methyl ester as the fuels. The major problem associated with the usage of biodiesels and low heat rejection engine is the increased NOX emission than the normal engine operated with the diesel. This problem has been overcome by the usage of oxidation inhibitors such as ethyl hexyl nitrate (EHN), tert-butyl hydroquinone (TBHQ). The results showed that addition of oxidation inhibitors leads to increase in brake thermal efficiency, reduced specific fuel consumption and reduced NOX emission.
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