The development of the organ systems are highly regulated in physiological conditions and the development of nose and paranasal sinuses commences in the 3rd week of gestation, when the primordial structures first appear and continues until completion in early adulthood when sinus pneumatization and bony growth have ceased. Their misregulation lead to the development of many cancers and primitive nasal septum Squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) of the upper respiratory tract ranks as the sixth leading cause of cancer worldwide.In the current study, out of 31 cases, maximum cases were found to be moderately differentiated grade amounting to 64.5%, followed by well differentiated grade (22.6%) and poorly differentiated grade (12.9%). The present study also showed that poorly differentiated SCC had higher Ki 67 proliferative index and it could be a useful tool for determining the stages of tumors. Ki 67 proliferative index study of the tumor helps in better understanding of the tumor behavior so as to provide appropriate treatment and thereby increasing the survival rate of the patient.
Lichenplanus is a chronic inflammatory disorder with remissions and relapses. The pathogenesis is likely to be autoimmune, with T Lymphocytes targeting the basal keratinocytes. The clinical presentation is violaceous papules and plaques in skin, mucous membranes and nails. The aim of this study is to analyse the clinical and pathological profile of Cutaneous Lichen planus of all patients diagnosed with Lichen planus attending our hospital from 2016 to 2019.All cases diagnosed as Lichen planus clinically and confirmed histopathologically are analysed for age, sex, location, duration, associated comorbid conditions, type of Lichen Planus, histopathological features and for malignant transformation.Of the 91 patients diagnosed, 83 (91%) were classical Lichen Planus, 6 (6.5%) hypertrophic Lichen Planus, 2 (2.5%) lichenplanopilaris. The median age was 38 years and the mean age 40 years. Majority were in the age group of 20 to 40 years. Male : Female ratio was 1.1 :1. 10 (10.98%) patients were in paediatric age group. 7 (8%) had skin and oral involvement. 40 patients had violaceous plaques & papules, 46 pigmented and violaceous plaques and papules, 5 hypertrophic pigmented plaques. No nail or genital involvement was seen in any of our patients.The predominant type was classical Lichen planus. Few patients had Hypertension, diabetes Mellitus, diabetes mellitus and hypertension seemed to be age related. No malignant transformation was observed.
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.