This field experiment was carried out at special farm at Luxor governorate, Egypt during 2018 and 2019 seasons to study the effect of some intercropping patterns and plant distributions of sorghum (var. Dorado) and soybean (var. Giza-111) on the growth, yield and yield components and the economic return of the sorghum plants. The experimental was laid out in split-split plot with randomized block design in three replications. The plant height of sorghum was significant affected by the different intercropping patterns and plant density in the second season only as a result of the interaction between the number of plants/ hill and the intercropping patterns. The highest values of panicle length were by sole cropping of sorghum compared to the other intercropping patterns. Sowing sorghumsoybean plants as 1:1 side on the same row resulted in the highest values of panicle weight and grain yield /plant of sorghum in the mean of seasons. Sowing of sorghum as sole crop at 15 cm between hills plus two plants /hill followed by 4:2 row intercropping gave the highest values of grain weight /plot and grain yield /feddan (feddan = 0.420 hectares = 1.037 acres) in the two seasons compared to the other treatments. The highest value of land equivalent ratio (1.41) resulted from the use of 3:3 row pattern of intercropping with two plants /hill and 15 cm spacing. Also, there is an increase in the value of the land equivalent ratio (1.29) with the use of the 4:2 row pattern of sorghum-soybean intercropping with 2 plants /hill and 15 cm between hills. The most profitable system was intercropping of sorghum: soybean as 3: 3 or 4:2 row patterns and 15 or 20 cm between hills with planting two plants /hill.
Two field experiments were conducted at the Agricultural Exp. Farm of El-Azhar Univ. at Assiut, during 2008 and 2009 seasons to study the response of two cultivars of sunflower (Sakha-53 & Giza-102), to the application of different nitrogen rates (15, 30 and 45 kg /fed) and Filter Mud Cake (FMC) (0.0, 0.5, 1.0 and 1.5 ton/fed.). The experiments were performed in a split-split plot design with three replicates where, sunflower cultivars were assigned to the main plot, while nitrogen and filter mud cake rates were distributed randomly in the sub and sub-sub plot, respectively. The combined analysis was conducted across the two seasons. The obtained results indicated that sunflower cultivars exhibited significant differences in all studied traits except harvest index. Plants of Sakha-53 were superior significantly than Giza-102 in all studied traits i.e., head weight and diameter, shelling %, no. of seeds/head, seed index, seed yield/plant, oil and protein percentage as well as seed and oil yields/fed. Increasing the level of nitrogen applications up to 45 kg N/fed. caused highly significant increases in all traits under study except no. of seeds/head and shelling % which did not reach the level of significance. On the contrary, harvest index and seed oil percentage decreased significantly by increasing N levels up to 45 kg N/fed. The application of FMC to sunflower plants exerted a significant influence on all traits under study except no. of seeds/head and harvest index which did not reach the level of significance. In general, head characters, seed yield/plant, seed index and protein % as well as seed and oil yields/fed. increased by increasing the rate of FMC applications while oil % decreased with increasing the rate of FMC applications. In general, the highest yield/fed (seed & oil) was recorded by Sakha-53 (2336.43 and 1014.59 kg/fed.) when these plants received 45 kg N/fed. and 1.0 ton FMC/fed.
The present experiment was carried out to assess the general combining ability (GCA) and specific combining ability (SCA) of seven important commercial cultivars of Egyptian cotton and their 21 F 1 and F 2 crosses. Significant differences among genotypes were found for all studied traits. Combining ability analysis of variance revealed significant differences for GCA and SCA effects among the parents and hybrids for almost all traits. The results suggested the presence of additive and non-additive gene action for almost all of the traits. The ratio of G.C.A/S.C.A for F 1 and F 2 hybrids decreased from unity for all characters studied. The results (G.C.A) for seven parents revealed the good combiner for lint yield/plant and fiber fineness was the parent Giza 90, while for seed cotton yield/plant and seed yield /plant was the parent Giza 87 while, for fibre strength was the parent Giza 83 for F 1 and F 2 generations. In F 1 hybrid estimates of (S.C.A.) effects revealed that significant SCA effects were observed for most crosses. Moreover, the best combinations were (Giza 86 x Giza 90) for seed cotton yield /plant and fiber fineness, (Giza 88 x Giza 83) for lint yield/plant and fibre strength. But the F 2 hybrid of the best combinations were (Giza 90 x Giza 83) for seed cotton yield/plant and fiber fineness, (Giza 86 x Giza 90) for lint yield/plant and fibre strength. It can be conclude that possibility of use the superior crosses for improving Egyptian cotton traits by breeding processes and selection in sequent generations.
Two field experiments were conducted in El-Monera village, the New Valley governorate, Egypt, during the two successive winter seasons of 2017-2018 and 2018-2019, to study the effect of three sowing dates i.e., (1 st November (D1), 15 th November (D2) and 1 st December (D3)) and foliar spray with antioxidants (Ascorbic acid, citric acid and ascorbic + citric acids at 200 ppm and tap water as control) on two bread wheat cultivars (Sids12 and Misr1) under New Valley governorate conditions. The experimental design was a randomized complete block design (RCBD) in spilt-split plots with three replications. The obtained results pointed to sowing date, antioxidants treatments and wheat cultivars had highly significant effect (prob ˂0.01) on all studied traits in both seasons. The highest values of total chlorophyll content, flag leaf area, plant height, number of grain /spike, 1000-grain weight and number of spikes /m 2 as well as grain and straw yields ton /feddan (feddan = 4200 m² = 0.420 hectares = 1.037 acres) were recorded when wheat was sown at 15 th November. On the other hand, the highest percent of protein in grain were recorded at1 st December. Ascorbic + citric acids at 200 ppm foliar spray treatment gave the highest values of all studied traits. Also, Misr-1 cultivar was superior to Sids-12 in all traits under study. The first and second order interactions exerted significant effects on all most traits under study. In general, the highest grain and straw yields were obtained from Misr-1 cultivar when was sown at15 th November and was sprayed with mix of ascorbic/citric acids at 200 ppm.
This study is conducted to investigate the effect of irrigation intervals in combination with soil application and / or foliar spray of potassium fertilizer and soaking in some vitamins (ascorbic acid and pyridoxine) on wheat yield, certain nutrients and amino acid contents in grains, as well as field water use efficiency. The main aim of the study is to save of the irrigation water without reduction of wheat yield with facility of practical application. The grain yield and its components were significantly affected by the main treatments i. e. irrigation frequencies, vitamins and potassium fertilizer. The irrigation every 21-day interval gave higher values of grain yield and all studied characters as compared with the other irrigation frequencies (28-day and 35-day intervals) in two seasons. The soaking in pyridoxine gave higher values of grain yield and all other characters as compared with control and ascorbic acid in both seasons. The superior grain yield of wheat per Feddan which resulted from treatment with potassium as foliar spray during growing seasons was applied.The interaction effects between irrigation frequencies, every 21-day and soaking in pyridoxine vitamin gave higher values of grain yield of wheat and all other characters only except harvest index as compared with the other treatments in both seasons. The highest values of grain yield of wheat and all other characters were obtained when irrigation every 21-day and application of all potassium as foliar spray in both seasons.The highest values of the grain yield and its components were obtained when irrigation was applied every 21-day, with soaking in pyridoxine vitamin and application of potassium fertilizer as foliar spray in both seasons. However, the lowest values of the grain yield and its components were recorded by applied irrigating the plants every 35-day, soaking in water and without potassium fertilizer in 2005/2006 and 2006/2007 seasons.
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