An experiment to investigate the effect of seed rate (5, 7.5, 10, 12.5 and 15 kg ha , number of grains per head and grain yield. Row spacing had non-significant effect on stem diameter, number of heads per plant and 1000-grain weight. Row spacing at 30 cm produced the highest number of plants m -2 and plant height. Plant height increased with increase in seed rate in all the row spacing. Stem diameter decreased with increase in the seed rate and row spacing. Narrow row spacing (30 cm) and low seeding rate (5 kg ha -1 ) produced the maximum grain yield consistently during both years. Lower yields were recorded in the treatments having greater row spacing (60 cm) and higher seed rates (7.5, 10, 12.5 & 15 kg ha -1 ). Higher seed rates and wider row spacing induced morphological changes rendering plants to lodging.
The present study was designed to evaluate the changes in different physiological traits such as proline content, cell membrane stability, relative water content and chlorophyll content under drought stress in sixteen wheat genotypes. Wheat genotypes (99FJ-03, Marvi-2000, WC- 13, WC-24, WC-19, Faisalabad-85, Kaghan, Bahawalpur, Zarlashta, Punjab-96, Shafaq, Maxi-pak, WC-20, Chenab-70, AUR-0809, Chakwal) were sown during rabiseason of 2013-14 following randomized complete block design with three replications. Drought stress was induced by withholding water for 30 days at heading and anthesis stage. Genotypes were significant for different physiological traits like relative water content, proline content, cell membrane stability and chlorophyll content under drought stress which indicated that some genotypes were more tolerant against drought stress than others. Among tested wheat genotypes, Maxi-Pak was found to be potential variety for relative water content, cell membrane stability, chlorophyll content and yield. Hence, it can be used in future wheat breeding programme for developing drought tolerant genotypes.SAARC J. Agri., 16(1): 1-6 (2018)
Wheat is admired food crop that plays its role in food security in many mounting countries like Pakistan. Although harvesting time and various storage systems exert a major impact on wheat but high temperature and humidity during storage are detrimental for wheat grain health, quality, and germination knack. High storage temperature shoddily affects wheat quality. During safe wheat storage, moisture content should array from 8% to 14%. Refrigeration circumstances are imperative vehicles for the stored wheat grains to obtain utmost germination, quality, and preclusion from insect infestation. To retain better wheat quality, it should be stored below 25°C at 60% relative humidity. Some insects deteriorate wheat germination, damage the grains and cause substantial weight losses but the underlying problem may be effectively overcome with the natural fumes under hermetic conditions which also stimulates germination. Insect control in stored wheat through chemical method has residual effect and is perilous for human health. Practical applications Wheat is the only major food crop that is cultivated in more than 60 countries of the world and 10%–20% of human daily calorie intake is fulfilled by this crop. It is very vital crop for the food security of many developing countries including Pakistan. Although wheat is mainly influenced by harvesting time and storage structures yet other factors such as moisture content, storage temperature, storage humidity, and insect infestation at storage are explained in this review which are detrimental for wheat storage stability, grain health, nutritional quality, and germination knack. Besides this, effect of storage period on grain nutritional quality under various storage facilities is described too. Furthermore, optimum keeping conditions and effective solution to minimize insect damage of stored wheat grain are described in order to ensure national food security and to avoid greater losses in gain quantity, quality, and germination ability.
This field experiment was carried out at special farm at Luxor governorate, Egypt during 2018 and 2019 seasons to study the effect of some intercropping patterns and plant distributions of sorghum (var. Dorado) and soybean (var. Giza-111) on the growth, yield and yield components and the economic return of the sorghum plants. The experimental was laid out in split-split plot with randomized block design in three replications. The plant height of sorghum was significant affected by the different intercropping patterns and plant density in the second season only as a result of the interaction between the number of plants/ hill and the intercropping patterns. The highest values of panicle length were by sole cropping of sorghum compared to the other intercropping patterns. Sowing sorghumsoybean plants as 1:1 side on the same row resulted in the highest values of panicle weight and grain yield /plant of sorghum in the mean of seasons. Sowing of sorghum as sole crop at 15 cm between hills plus two plants /hill followed by 4:2 row intercropping gave the highest values of grain weight /plot and grain yield /feddan (feddan = 0.420 hectares = 1.037 acres) in the two seasons compared to the other treatments. The highest value of land equivalent ratio (1.41) resulted from the use of 3:3 row pattern of intercropping with two plants /hill and 15 cm spacing. Also, there is an increase in the value of the land equivalent ratio (1.29) with the use of the 4:2 row pattern of sorghum-soybean intercropping with 2 plants /hill and 15 cm between hills. The most profitable system was intercropping of sorghum: soybean as 3: 3 or 4:2 row patterns and 15 or 20 cm between hills with planting two plants /hill.
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