Introduction: Staphylococcus aureus is one of the commonest cause of nosocomial infections. Resistant Staphylococcus aureus strain has become a matter of concern. This study was done to find out the prevalence of Staphylococcus aureus from different clinical samples. Methods: The descriptive cross-sectional study was carried out in the Clinical Microbiology laboratory from January 2019 to June 2019. Ethical approval was received from the Institutional Review Committee (Ref: 28122018010). Six hundred sixty-six sample size was calculated. Convenient sampling was done. Staphylococcus aureus was identified on the basis of its microscopy and morphological characteristics followed by catalase and coagulase test. Antibiotic sensitivity test of misolated pathogens was done using Muller Hinton Agar by Kirby-Bauer method. Statistical analysis was done by Excel 2018, point estimate at 95% confidence interval was calculated along with frequency and proportion for binary data. Results: Out of the 666 bacteria isolated from clinical specimens, 133 (19.96%) were Staphylococcus aureus at 95% confidence interval (129.91-136.01%). Seventy nine (78.95%) of which is isolated from pus and wound infections. Out of 133 Staphylococcus aureus, 70.64% were Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus. Conclusions: This study provides valuable information regarding the high prevalence of Staphylococcus aureus from pus and wound infections. The alarming number of Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus is worrisome finding. Antibiotics like Vancomycin and Linezolid which has not developed resistance should be cautiously used only in Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus cases.
Introduction:The deficiency of vitamin D is major public health problem worldwide. It is deficiency of vitamin D level when blood serum which is below 30ng/ml. The deficiency is associated with various musculoskeletal diseases and autoimmune diseases. The early detection of deficiency plays important role to prevent those diseases. The aim of the study is to find the prevalence of vitamin D deficiency among adult population in a tertiary care hospital. Methods:This descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted in tertiary care hospital, from 1 st August 2017 to 31 st December 2018 after ethical clearance from institutional review committee with registration number 02082017. Simple random sampling was done. Data was collected and entered in statistical package for social sciences. Point estimate at 95% Confidence Interval was calculated along with frequency and proportion for binary data. Results:Out of total patients, vitamin D deficiency was found among 283 (73.6%) patients at 95% of CI (68.6-78.6). Out of total female patients, 202 (52.61%) were deficient and out of total male patients, 81 (21.08%) were deficient. The mean age±SD of patients was 41.45±16.016 years. Conclusions:The prevalence of vitamin D deficiency was high compared to previous studies. Vitamin D deficiency was found to be higher in females than males.
Introduction: Intestinal parasitic infestation is one of the major health problems in developingcountries like Nepal. This study was done to determine the prevalence rate of intestinal parasiticinfestation among school children in Duwakot VDC, Bhaktapur, Nepal. Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study was done in 194 public school children of Duwakotvillage development committee from August to October, 2019. Ethical clearance was obtained fromthe Institutional Review Committee (reference no. 1207201915). Simple random sampling was done.One hundred and ninety-four public school children individuals of 6 to 14 years of age were enrolled.Collected stools were examined for the presence of parasites macroscopically and microscopically.Microscopic examination was carried out by direct wet mount using normal saline (0.9%) and Lugol’siodine (0.5%) mount. The data obtained were computed and analyzed using Statistical Package forthe Social Sciences version 16.0. Results: A total of 194 stool samples were collected from school children and examined. Theprevalence of intestinal parasitosis was 26 (13.40%). The commonest organism was Giardia lambliain 22 (11.34%) cases. Among helminthic infection, 2 (1.03%) cases each were infected by Hymenolepisnana and Hookworm respectively. Conclusions: The prevalence rate of intestinal parasite infestation in Nepal shows considerabledecline in recent years. However, more effort is required by public health resources to minimize theproblem further.
Background: Bacterial colonization of central venous catheter carries risk of developing catheter-related blood stream infections. The purpose of this study is to find out the frequency of colonization of by different bacterial pathogens and their antibiotic sensitivity pattern.. Materials and Methods:A total of 53 tip were received in one-year duration for culture and antibiotic sensitivity pattern. The isolated organisms were identified by standard microbiological procedure and subjected to antimicrobial sensitivity. Results:Out of 53 tip sent for culture and sensitivity, 21 (39.6%) showed significant growth. Out of 21 culture positive 52.3% were gram negative bacilli, 33.3% were gram positive cocci, 4.8% were Candida spp. Acenitobacter baumannii and Staphylococcus aureus were frequent pathogens isolated. Gram negative bacteria were less sensitive to antibiotics whereas gram positive bacteria were sensitive to Vancomycin. Conclusion: Though various organisms were isolated as colonizer of CVC, Acenitobacter baumannii is the most common colonizer. Antibiotic resistance has already emerged and represents a major problem.
Introduction: Onychomycosis is a fungal disease of the nail apparatus caused by dermatophytes, non-dermatophytes and yeasts. Although onychomycosis is rarely life threatening, its high incidence and the associated morbidity makes it an important public health problem. This study was aimed to find the prevalence of onychomycosis among clinically suspected patients attending the outpatient department of Dermatology and Venereology. Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study was done in a total of 200 clinically suspected cases of onychomycosis attending the Dermatology outpatient department of a tertiary care hospital within the period of one year from 1st September 2019 to 31st August 2020. Ethical approval (Reference: 150320196) was taken and convenience sampling was done. Data were analyzed using Statistical Package for Social Sciences version 19. Point estimate at 95% Confidence Interval was calculated along with frequency and proportion for binary data. Results: Out of 200 clinically suspected cases prevalence of onychomycosis was found to be 40 (20%) (Confidence Interval = 19.94-20.06) by both direct microscopy and culture. Onychomycosis was commonest among age group of 21-40 years and more predominant among male patients 60 (65.21%). The fingernails were frequently involved i.e., 58 (63%) cases followed by toenails 34 (21%). Dermatophytes were the most common type of fungal infection accounting for 25 (62.5%). Conclusions: The study highlighted dermatophytes as the most common clinical pattern of onychomycosis and Trichophyton rubrum as the most common aetiological agent causing onychomycosis.
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