A stock split is when a company’s outstanding shares are divided into multiple shares by issuing more shares to current shareholders without eroding their stake’s value. The company typically takes these actions to increase liquidity and marketability, lower stock prices, attract new investors and so on. The purpose of this study is to examine the impact of stock splits on the stock returns during the study period. Companies listed on the Bombay Stock Exchange (BSE) and those included in the S&P BSE 500 Index are included in the stock split data. The study period covers 14 years, between 2008 and 2021. Market model event study methodology is being employed to analyze the average abnormal returns (AARs), cumulative abnormal returns (CARs) and cumulative AAR (CAARs) using an event window period consisting of 31 days ([Formula: see text]). The study is largely based on secondary information from the CMIE Prowess IQ Database and the official BSE website. The [Formula: see text]-test, mean and standard deviation were used to investigate the influence of stock split announcements on share prices and the performance of stock splits before and after the announcement. The study found that on ([Formula: see text]), ([Formula: see text]), ([Formula: see text]) and ([Formula: see text]) and on the day of the announcement ([Formula: see text]), the market reacted favorably with significant positive abnormal returns. On ([Formula: see text]) and ([Formula: see text]) days, however, there were significant negative abnormal returns. The null hypothesis is accepted as the CAR for the whole 31-day event window, which is 0.0221, with a [Formula: see text]-statistic of 1.692, which is insignificant.
The present study deals with the consumption of fuel wood in a area of Central Himalaya. The study have been done in three villages, viz. Shitlakhet, Deolikhan and Dhamas. In each selected villages, 10 families were randomly selected and divided into four groups, according to the size of the family (viz. FA, FB, FC and FD). Fuel wood consumption varies from 23.14 qtl.y-1 for FA to 65.34 qtl.y-1 FD (Village-I), between 22.45 qtl.y-1 in FA and 59.50 qtl.y-1 in FD (Village-II), while these values ranged between 20.84 qtl.y-1 in FA and 55.44 qtl.y-1 in FD in Village-III. Average Per Capita Fuel wood Consumption (PCFC) in different villages ranged between 7.14 qtl.y-1 to 8.00 qtl.y-1. The PCFC was decreased from FA to FD, across all the villages. PCFC during study year was maximum in FA, which was approximately 36 to 37 percent, while the minimum (17-19% approximately) was in FD across the Village. The average fuel wood consumption across the season varies from 27.99 percent at Village –I to 41.54 percent at Village - II.
Today in this era of globalization the Indian market has gone through a dramatic change. The consumption patterns of Indians are slowly moving towards unsustainable levels, while resources as domestic savings are depleting at an alarming rate. To investigate the influence of multinational company products on expenditure pattern of urban households. The study was exploratory in nature. The locale of the study was the twin cities of Hyderabad and Secunderabad of the State of Andhra Pradesh. The total sample sizes of 300 were selected by using stratified random sampling techniques.100 each belonging to three income categories viz., HIG, MIG and LIG. An interview schedule was designed for the purpose of collection of data from the respondents. For gathering information the following five scales were developed. Consumer product susceptibility and innovativeness scale (CPSIS), The consumer ethnocentrism scale (CES),the goal congruency scale (GCS), product influence on attitude scale (PIAS), the enculturation-acculturation scale (EAS). When the consumers were highly susceptible innovative, ethnocentric, then the expenditure for MNCPS were high. Also when the MNCPs were highly goal congruent, MNCP had good attributes, MNC concern for customers satisfaction were high than in these cases expenditure for MNCP was high.
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