Two Gram-negative, heterotrophic, aerobic, marine bacteria, designated strains KT1T and KM1T, were isolated from seawater samples collected from the shallow coastal regions of northern Taiwan. Cells grown in broth cultures were non-flagellated rods. NaCl was required for growth. Optimal growth occurred with 2–5 % NaCl, at 25–30 °C and at pH 8. They grew aerobically and were not capable of anaerobic growth by fermenting d-glucose or other carbohydrates. Q-8 was the only isoprenoid quinone. The major polar lipid detected in strain KT1T was phosphatidylmonomethylethanolamine, whereas those detected in KM1T were phosphatidylmonomethylethanolamine, phosphatidyldimethylethanolamine and an unidentified phospholipid. Cellular fatty acids were nearly all iso-branched, with iso-C15 : 0 as the most abundant component (54.6–57.2 % of the total). Strains KT1T and KM1T had DNA G+C contents of 43.9 and 46.3 mol%, respectively. The two strains shared 98.1 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity; levels of similarity with the type strains of species of the genus Kangiella were 95.6–98.4 %. Data from the present taxonomic study conducted using a polyphasic approach revealed that the isolates could be classified as representatives of two novel species of the genus Kangiella , for which the names Kangiella taiwanensis sp. nov. (type strain KT1T = BCRC 80330T = JCM 17727T) and Kangiella marina sp. nov. (type strain KM1T = BCRC 80329T = JCM 17728T) are proposed.

A Gram-negative, heterotrophic, aerobic, marine bacterium, designated AIT1T, was isolated from a seawater sample collected in the shallow coastal region of Bitou Harbour, New Taipei City, Taiwan. Cells grown in broth cultures were straight or slightly curved rods that were motile by means of a single polar flagellum. Strain AIT1T required NaCl for growth, grew optimally at 30–40 °C and with 1.5–5.0 % NaCl, and was incapable of anaerobic growth by fermentation of glucose or other carbohydrates. The isoprenoid quinones consisted of Q-8 (95.2 %) and Q-9 (4.8 %). The major polar lipids comprised diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol and phosphatidylethanolamine. The cellular fatty acids were predominantly iso-branched and included iso-C17 : 0 (26.5 %), summed feature 9 (comprising iso-C17 : 1ω9c and/or 10-methyl C16 : 0; 25.9 %) and iso-C15 : 0 (20.5 %). The DNA G+C content was 51.5 mol%. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that strain AIT1T formed a distinct lineage within the class Gammaproteobacteria and was most closely related to members of the genus Idiomarina in the family Idiomarinaceae (91.5–93.9 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity). The phylogenetic data, together with chemotaxonomic, physiological and morphological data, revealed that the isolate should be classified as a representative of a novel species in a new genus in the family Idiomarinaceae, for which the name Aliidiomarina taiwanensis gen. nov., sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is AIT1T ( = JCM 16052T = BCRC 80035T = NCCB 100321T).

Bowmanella denitrificans gen. nov., sp. nov., a denitrifying bacterium isolated from seawater from An-Ping Harbour, Taiwan T grew in NaCl levels of 0-10 %, with better growth occurring at 1-3 %. It grew aerobically and could achieve anaerobic growth by adopting a denitrifying metabolism with nitrate or nitrous oxide as the terminal electron acceptor. The major fatty acids were C 16 : 0 , C 18 : 1 v7c and summed feature 3 (C 16 : 1 v7c and/or C 15 : 0 iso 2-OH). The polar lipids consisted of phosphatidylethanolamine (56?6 %) and phosphatidylglycerol (43?4 %). The isoprenoid quinones were Q-8 (81?5 %), Q-9 (11?1 %) and Q-10 (7?4 %). The DNA G+C content was 50?0 mol%. A phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that strain BD1 T formed a distinct lineage in the Gammaproteobacteria and that it exhibited the highest level of sequence similarity with species of the genera Alteromonas (92?8-93?7 %), Aestuariibacter (93?0 %), Glaciecola (90?4-92?7 %) and Salinimonas (91?8 %). Strain BD1 T was distinguishable from species of these genera by the presence of Q-9 and Q-10. Phenotypically, strain BD1 T was also distinguishable from species of these genera in that it did not require NaCl for growth and was capable of denitrification. On the basis of the polyphasic data from this study, the isolate represents a novel species within a novel genus, for which the name Bowmanella denitrificans gen. nov., sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain of Bowmanella denitrificans is BD1 T (=BCRC 17491Alteromonas-like bacteria (Alteromonas-related bacteria) belonging to the class Gammaproteobacteria comprise a large group of marine, heterotrophic, Gram-negative rods that are mainly non-fermentative and polarly flagellated. A wide variety of families and genera have been classified as belonging to this bacterial group, including the Alteromonadaceae (Alteromonas, Aestuariibacter, Glaciecola and Salinimonas), the Colwelliaceae (Colwellia and Thalassomonas), the Ferrimonadaceae (Ferrimonas), the Idiomarinaceae (Idiomarina and Pseudidiomarina), the Moritellaceae (Moritella), the Pseudoalteromonadaceae (Pseudoalteromonas and Algicola), the Psychromonadaceae (Psychromonas), the Shewanellaceae (Shewanella) and Agarivorans, Oceanimonas, Oceanisphaera and Zobellella (Ivanova et al., 2004;Jean et al., 2006;Jeon et al., 2005;Kurahashi & Yokota, 2004;Lin & Shieh, 2006;Yi et al., 2004). Only some species in these families and genera are reported to be denitrifying bacteria, e.g. Shewanella denitrificans, Shewanella sediminis, Shewanella decolorationis, Zobellella denitrificans and Zobellella taiwanensis (Brettar et al., 2002;Lin & Shieh, 2006;Xu et al., 2005;Zhao et al., 2005Zhao et al., , 2006.A non-fermentative denitrifying isolate has been recovered in our laboratory from a seawater sample collected in the shallow coastal region of An-Ping Harbour, Tainan, Taiwan, during a survey of the diversity of denitrifying bacteria. The polyphasic data obtained in this study indicated that this denitrifying isolate could be classified within a...

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