Background and Objectives:Globally, condom is an important method of family planning and prevention of sexually transmitted infections especially human immune deficiency virus HIV/acquired immune deficiency syndrome AIDS. Family planning saves lives of women and children and improves the quality of life. This study was conducted to assess knowledge, attitudes and practices in addition to socio-demographic factors of condom use among males in Erbil governorate.Subjects and method:A cross sectional study conducted on randomly selected sample of 600 males aged 15-49 years from 3 districts of Erbil governorate of Iraqi Kurdistan region by using multistage cluster sampling method to assess their knowledge, attitudes and practice of condom use.Results:Only 12% of respondents had ever used condoms. The main reason for condom use was for family planning in about 91.7%. About a quarter of respondents reported knowing how to use condom correctly. Condoms were considered by respondents as an effective method of contraception and prevention of sexually transmitted infections 33.2% and 28.3% respectively. While 30.3% of them believed that condom use had some harmful effects. The main reason to non condom use was lack of need in 45.5%, fertility related reasons in 17% and the use of other methods by the female partner 13.6%. Although 64% of respondents heard about AIDS /HIV and 71.7% about STIS in general, only few felt that they are at risk of STIs 9.5% and HIV infection 8.5%.Conclusion:The study showed that the rate of condom use was low among the studied sample. This was due to lack of knowledge about proper and effective use of condoms, low perception of risk of HIV and other STIs, misperception about harmful effects of condoms and the use of other family planning methods by respondents and their female sexual partner.
Background and objective: Antenatal care is the care of the woman during pregnancy. The aim of this study was to determine the factors affecting the utilization of antenatal care among reproductive age group women (15-49 years) in Erbil city. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted between April 1 st , 2012 till April 1 st , 2013 in Erbil city at the Birth and Death Certification Registration Center and the Maternity Teaching Hospital. Data from a sample of 500 women among reproductive age group (15-49 years) was collected by using a questionnaire through direct interview. Statistical package for the social sciences (version 18) was used for data entry and analysis. Results: Antenatal care service utilization in the study area was 82.4%. From those who attended antenatal care service, 45.8% started antenatal care visit during the first trimester of pregnancy and 41% had less than four visits. Utilization of antenatal care services was significantly associated with high educational level, professional job, having least number of children, highly tetanus toxoid vaccine receivers and near distance to antenatal care services. Conclusion: Nearly 49.5% of antenatal care user women did not receive adequate number of visits as recommended by the World Health Organization. Women's education and occupation, socioeconomic status, number of children, tetanus toxoid vaccine, far distance to ANC service are significantly associated with percentage of receiving antenatal care.
An unintended pregnancy is an indicator of a woman's reproductive health status. This study aimed to assess the prevalence of unwanted pregnancy and related factors among pregnant women in Erbil Governorate, Iraqi Kurdistan. This cross-sectional study was carried out between 1/2/2020 and 31/1/2021. It was conducted with 500 pregnant women who attended an antenatal care hospital in downtown Erbil, as well as two health centers in the region. A structured questionnaire was used to collect data. Descriptive statistical method was used to analyze data using the SPSS system. The results showed that of the total pregnant women participating, 179 (39.4%) were exposed to an unintended pregnancy, the proportion of unintended pregnant women in the older (≥ 35) age group (18.4%) and those with insufficient income (30.4%) was significantly (p ≤ 0.05) greater compared with those who intended to become pregnant (2.8% and 22.6%). Women with unintended pregnancies had a significantly higher incidence of multi-gravida and parity ≥4 than women with intended pregnancies. The majority of pregnant women without intent (73%) were using contraceptives, 58% of whom gave birth naturally. Our region needs more studies on unintended pregnancies, delving into more accurate details, and spreading reproductive health awareness among women, especially concerning contraceptives.
Background and objective: Depression is a condition that worsens the prognosis of patients undergoing physiotherapy treatment; it is underestimated and under-recognized. The objectives of this study were to detect the prevalence, severity and type of depressive disorder among patients attending the physiotherapy clinic, and analysis the factors that influencing the occurrence of depression and its severity. Methods: Cross sectional study was carried out with (200) patients attending physiotherapy clinic in Hawler and Rizgary Teaching Hospitals in Erbil City from 2nd January -2nd march 2009. Data about demographic characteristics of the sample, utilization of health services, and type of physical diseases were obtained by direct questioning the patients. Depression was assessed by means of the Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9). Results: Point prevalence of depression was estimated to be 56% (27% mild, 20.5% moderate and 8.5% sever) among this population of patients attending an outpatient physical therapy clinic. Female gender, old age and married patients were suffering from sever depressive disorders . Conclusion: The high prevalence of depression in patients attending physiotherapy clinics suggests that consideration should be given to screen the psychological.
Background and objective: Family planning program is one of the successful maternal and child health programs. This study aimed to find out the percentage of usage of dif-ferent types of contraceptive methods among women attending family planning centers to know the most preferable method among them . Methods: A Cross sectional study was carried out on 400 women attending family plan-ning unit (FPU) in Erbil city ( from 1st of July 2008 to the 30th of September 2008. The variables included were, age, occupation , address, educational state, religion, socio-economic state, different contraceptive methods; Combined oral pill (COCP), intrauterine contraceptive device( IUCD), Depo-Provera injection, condom, the reason for choosing such methods, the different complications with uses of these methods, the number of live children. Results: Among 400 women who attended ( FPU) 269( 67.25%) of them were at age (21-34), most of them prefer the use IUCD, condom, CCP, and lastly injection in a rate of : (36.55%),( 29.25%), (27.25%) and 2.5% respectively,( 53.75%) of cases significantly have complications with contraceptive uses specially IUCD (71.95%) , the most common complication associated with different contraceptive use was infection, then abnormal vaginal bleeding in a rate (46.04%),and (29.76%) respectively. Conclusion: The present study revealed that majority of women who attend Family plan-ning units prefer to use IUCD, then condom, COCP, and lastly depo-provera injection, Most of study sample were exposed to infection, which indicated the need to promote health education in FP center through meeting session with them regularly.
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