Background: Breast cancer results from uncontrolled proliferation of malignant cells resulting appearance of a lump or a mass in the breast. Although many epidemiological risk factors have been identified, the cause of any individual breast cancer is most often unknowable. A women's reaction to any suspected disease of breast may include fear of disfigurement, loss of sexual attractiveness and death. Social and religious factors, unawareness of fatality of the disease, fear of infertility hinder early diagnosis & treatment. Early diagnosis is the key to increased survival. Objective: To find out clinical presentation for breast cancer. Study design: It is a prospective study of 50 carcinoma breast patients who palpable breast lump. It was conducted during the six months period. Data were collected pre-designed data collection sheet. Data were analysis statistical package for social science (SPSS) program. Result : Most of the malignant lesions are above the age of 40 years and peak incidence are between 41-50 years and most of patients under this study were in advanced stage-III (54%) and stage-IV (22%). Patients were presented as nipple discharge (20%), pain in the breast (26%), ulceration over the lump (14%), paeu'd orange (10%) skin fixation over the lump (18%), fixation to the chest wall (14%) nipple retraction (22%). Among the 50 patients there was only one male ca-breast patient (2%). Among the histopathological types infiltrating duct cell carcinoma (NST) were 41 (82%), ductal carcinoma in situ 6 (12%), lobular carcinoma invasive 2 (4%), lobular carcinoma in situ 1 (2%) and carcinoma involved in different quadrants were upper & outer 21 (42%), lower outer 5 (10%), upper and inner 12 (24%), lower and inner 4 (8%), central 7 (14%) and breast as a whole involvement was 1 (2%). About the involvement of carcinoma breast, left breast involvement were 52%, right breast 46% and bilateral involvement was 2%. Conclusion: This prospective study shows an alarming high incidence of carcinoma breast with palpable breast lump. The diversity of clinical presentation of breast lumps in different age group were observed is our hospital practice. This study gives an idea about the incidence of various types of lesions of breast in different age groups in our country.
Background: The determination of the fetal condition during labour is important to minimize fetal mortality, morbidity and neurological sequelae of fetal hypoxia. The study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of intrapartum cardiotocography (CTG) in detecting fetal outcomes. Methods: This cross-sectional observational study was conducted at the department of obstetrics and gynecology in the centre for women and child health (CWCH), Ashulia, Dhaka from November 2020 to August 2022. The study was carried out with a total of 63 pregnant women (n=63) who had delivered their child either by lower uterine caesarian section (LUCS) or normal vaginal delivery (NVD) during the study period. Result: Among the participants, almost half participants (47.6%) were aged between 25-29 years. Intrapartum CTG was reactive in around half (54%) of the participants, while non-reactive in 46% of the participants. During the study period, intrapartum CTG was reactive in 34 patients. Of them, only 19 patients had an NVD, while 15 patients despite normal intrapartum CTG also underwent LUCS due to various reasons such as having meconium-stained liquor or slightly stained liquor, non-progressing labour or prolonged labour, premature rupture of the membrane (PROM), fear of NVD etc. During the study period, all twenty-nine patients having intrapartum non-reactive CTG underwent LUCS. During the study period, intrapartum CTG was non-reactive in 29 cases. However, after delivery, the baby’s APGAR score was ≥7 for the 20 neonates of those 29 non-reactive CTG cases. On the other hand, intrapartum CTG was reactive in 34 of the participants. Among them, 3 neonates were delivered through NVD. However, meconium-stained liquor was found and the baby’s APGAR score was <7, which required NICU admission. In total, thirteen neonates (13, 20.6%) had required admission to the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU). Conclusions: CTG is one of the reliable methods of monitoring the fetus. Non-reactive CTG record with a high probability indicates the likelihood of the presence of perinatal asphyxia. Instant and adequate decisions regarding obstetric intervention and optimal procedures should be taken if fetal distress is suspected.
Background: Caesarean section, C-section, or caesarean birth is the surgical delivery of a baby through a cut (incision) in the mother's abdomen and uterus. It's a surgical procedure utilized when a vaginal delivery isn't possible or safe, or when the health of the mother or infant is at risk. Caesarean section rates range from 0.4 to 40% in different countries, and the trend has been growing over the previous 30 years. These increases have been linked to a number of factors. The purpose of this study was to learn more about these factors in the context of Bangladeshi demographics. Aim of the study was to investigate the women’s Fear of normal delivery and their decision on the mode of deliveryMethods: This cross-sectional observational study was conducted at the department of obstetrics and gynecology in Uttara Adhunik medical college and hospital, Bangladesh. The study duration was from 1February 2021 to 30 November 2021. The present study was carried out with a total of 63 women who had undergone caesarean section during the study period. A convenient sample selection method was done for the selection of the participantsResult: Among the participants of the present study, 47.62% were aged between 25-29 years, 76.19% were Muslims, and 76.19% stayed at the hospital for 3-4 days. 90.48% had been pregnant for 36-40 weeks. Lower abdominal pain and labor pain was observed in 20.63% of the participants. The majority of the participants underwent caesarean delivery due to fear of labor pain and episiotomy.Conclusion: The fear of childbirth or labor pain is the most common cause in patients undergoing caesarean section, followed by doctor advice due to medical comorbidities and fear of episiotomy.
Background: To compare serum calcium level in pre-eclamptic women and normal pregnant women. Materials and methods: It was a case-control study carried out in patient Department of Fetomaternal Medicine unit in the Department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology of Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University (BSMMU), Dhaka. From September 2010 to February 2011. Total 60 cases, among them 30 comprising control group and 30 were cases. This was a non interventional case control study that was carried out on total 60 women with age range 18 to 38 years of them 30 healthy gravid women as control group and 30 pregnancy with pre eclampsia as case. Serum calcium level of the groups were measured, and compare between this two group. Data were analyzed by computer with the help of SPSS (Statistical Package for Social Sciences) win 13 software package. Results: Serum calcium in pre-eclamptic women was significantly low [7.88±0.75mg/dl vs 9.9267±0.58 mg/dl] than in normal pregnant women. Conclusion: Serum calcium may be used for earlier detection of preeclampsia. Further studies are required to investigate whether calcium supplementation can be used as a preventable measure for the development of preeclampsia. Chatt Maa Shi Hosp Med Coll J; Vol.20 (1); January 2021; Page 33-36
Background: The uterine cervix is the commonest site for female genital cancer. In developing countries, carcinoma cervix is the most common malignancy in females and a major public health problem. It is reported In Bangladesh that the prevalence of carcinoma cervix is 20% among all types of cancer affecting females. To determine the level of knowledge, attitude and practice among Bangladeshi women about screening of cervical carcinoma Materials and methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted on married women above the age of 20 years, attending OPD of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Medicine and Surgery of BSMMU from January 2013 to June 2013. By using purposive sampling technique 225 respondents were enrolled in the study. Results: Mean age of the respondents was 43.34 years with a standard deviation of ± 12.49 years. Most of the respondents (96%) were Muslim and from urban areas. More than two-thirds of the respondents (71.1%) were educated up to secondary level. More than 80% respondents were housewives. About three-fourth of the respondents were form middle class families. Only 20% could mention cervical cancer as the leading cancer among women. About 20% respondents knew that early and multiple marriages were the two risk factors for cervical cancer. Most of the respondents (93.3%) believed that cervical cancer is dangerous disease and was able to mention smoking as one of the important risk factors. About one-third respondents knew that terms Pap’s smear and VIA. But most of the respondents did not undergo any screening procedure under the assumption that the screening was not necessary. It was found that respondents with higher education level possessed good knowledge regarding cervical cancer. It was also true for respondents whose husbands were more educated. Higher education level was positively correlated with good attitude/practices. The respondents who had good knowledge about cervical cancer showed good attitude/practice regarding the same. Conclusion: The knowledge regarding cervical cancer among the participants was not satisfactory. Although most of the participants believed that cervical cancer is dangerous disease few really knew that it is preventable. Higher education level was positively correlated with good knowledge and good attitude/practices regarding cervical cancer. Long term education for women should be started to provide the needed information regarding cervical cancer screening. Chatt Maa Shi Hosp Med Coll J; Vol.20 (1); January 2021; Page 28-32
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