A man of 32 years was admitted with a 3-month history of temporal lobe epilepsy. CT-Scan showed a well-circumscribed area of heterogenous contrast enhancement in the right temporal lobe. Gross total resection was performed but the tumor recurred: the patient died 6 months after the onset of symptoms. There was no autopsy. Histology revealed a highly pleomorphic neoplasm with extensive zones of necrosis. Monster cells, up to several hundred micrometers in diameter, with multiple and/or multi-lobed nuclei were numerous and showed emperipolesis for polymorphonuclear, mononuclear, and small tumor cells. Abundant mitoses were observed. Tumor cells of all sizes had ground-glass or vacuolated cytoplasm which obscured their glial nature. GFAP was demonstrated in some neoplastic cells. Reticulin fibers were confined to perivascular areas where mononuclear inflammatory cells were sometimes noted. Vascular proliferation was mild. Electromicroscopic study revealed that the cytoplasms of the tumor cells contained abundant lipid droplets, numerous mitochondria, and glio-filaments. Such a tumor has been reported recently as "malignant glioma with heavily lipidized tumor cells". This rare entity, previously reported as xanthosarcoma of the brain, represents a subgroup of primitive monstrocellular cerebral tumors.

No abstract

No abstract

Authors report a case of fatal CNS toxoplasmosis in a young homosexual man suffering from Kaposi angio-sarcoma. This paper is principally concerned with CT scan and neuropathological correlations.

INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVES: Stone size is thought to be an important factor in the appropriate management of nephrolithiasis and counseling of patients. The typical quantification of stone size is based on a linear measurements on computed tomography (CT) imaging, but volumetric analysis has become more readily available and relevant in recent times. While discussions regarding the most accurate ways to analyze stone volume are currently ongoing, our study aims to further investigate the utility of volume measurement in the treatment of renal calculi.METHODS: A retrospective review of patients undergoing percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PCNL) between 2009 and 2013 was performed. Preoperative and postoperative helical CT images were used to measure stone size, location, and density; iPlan CMF software was used to reconstruct three-dimensional models from the aforementioned CT scans and calculate volume measurements. Logistic regression and correlational analysis was performed to evaluate the relationship between stone volume and linear measurements, and to identify predictors of postoperative percent-reduction in stone volume and stone-free rate.RESULTS: The analysis included a total of 175 patients undergoing first-look PCNL for solitary stones, regardless of size, shape, and location within the kidney; patients with ureteral stones were excluded. Stone volume was most correlated with linear measurements in the sagittal dimension (r ¼ 0.85, p < 0.05), but axial (r ¼ 0.82) and coronal (r ¼ 0.81) measurements were not far behind. Preoperative stone volume was positively correlated to postoperative stone volume (r ¼ 0.36, p < 0.05). There was no significant difference in postoperative stone volume reduction based on stone size, location, or density.CONCLUSIONS: In patients undergoing PCNL, volumetric stone measurement using three-dimensional reconstruction correlates positively with linear measurements and, therefore, does not significantly change or augment our understanding of a patient's stone burden.