CVCVC (319) words and paralogs previously assessed for scaled-rated meaningfulness and associative reaction time were assessed for rated pronunciability following procedures used by Underwood and Schulz. The reliability correlation coefficient was .86. The r between pronunciability and meaningfulness was -.78; and the r between pronunciability and associative reaction time was .65. The validity of the assessment was based primarily on correlations between pronunciability values and performance data from a free-recall experiment and a recognition-memory experiment. The pronunciability values of a sample of 36 CVCVCs was found to be correlated with frequency of recall (r = -.41), and the pronunciability values of a second sample of 36 CVCVCs was found to be correlated with the frequency of recognition under three different measures of recognition memory: multiple choice (r = -.44), Shepard-Teghtsoonian (r = -.40), and embedded item (r = -.59).
This study compared three commonly used methods of measuring recognition memory (single-item, embedded•item, and multiple-choice tests) under conditions in which the targets and distractors were the same for all tests. The multiple-choice test resulted in higher recogni• tions and lower false • recognitions than the other two tests. High academic achievers had higher recognition scores than low achievers on all tests, but the interaction between achievement level and type of test showed the high achievers to have lower false recognitions only under the multiple-choice test. Significant correlations between word assessment characteristics of the targets (associative frequency, associative reaction time, and pronunciability) and recognition scores were discussed in the context of corresponding correlations with free recall.
This study extended the validity assessment of the 319 CVCVC words and paralogs measured for meaningfulness (m'-scaled-rated meaningfulness) by Locascio and Ley (1972b). Thirty-six subjects were presented three lists of 12 units each and instructed to recall these units after presentation of each list. Meaningfulness correlated significantly with recall frequency, r (34) = .71, p<.OOl. The secondary purposes were (a) to determine correlations between other assessment measures, viz., associative reaction time, pronunciability, and recognition latency, with recallability; and (b) to determine the intercorrelations among these measures. Consistent with Ley and Locascio's recognition-recall hypothesis, associative reaction time correlated with recallability to a greater degree (r = -.56) than recognition latency (r = -.23) or pronunciability (r = -.41). The intercorrelations among all assessment values were significant (p< . (05) and relatively large.The primary purpose of the present study was to extend the assessment of the validity of the 319 CVCVC words and paralogs measured for meaningfulness (m' -scaled-rated meaningfulness) by Locascio and Ley (1972b). Although Locascio and Ley (1972a) reported the results of an experiment which provided some construct validation of their measurements (i.e., a sample of high-M CVCVCs was recalled more frequently than a sample of low-M CVCVCs under each of four different study modes), their results were based on conditions in which the treatments were individually administered to each subject. In the present study a stratified sample of CVCVCs representing the entire distribution of meaningfulness (m') was selected and used in a free recall study under group administration conditions. On the basis of the results of previous studies of the effect of meaningfulness in verbal learning, it was expected that the scaled-rated meaningfulness values of the CVCVCs of the present study should correlate significantly with the frequency of their recallability.Since the associative reaction times (RT) of these same 319 CVCVCs had already been measured by Taylor and Kimble (1967) and since the units were subsequently assessed for recognition latency (RL) by Ley (Note 1) and for pronunciability (PR) by Ley and Karker (1974), the secondary purpose of the present study was (a) to determine the correlations between these measures and recallability, and (b) to determine the intercorrelations among the measures (viz., m', RT, RL, and PR). An issue of theoretical interest was cen-This research was supported in part by a State University of New York Research Foundation grant-in-aid to the first author. Requests for reprints should be sent to Ronald Ley, State University of New York at Albany, 1400 Washington Avenue, Albany. New York 12222. tered on the differences in the predictive strengths of associative reaction time, recognition latency, and pronunciability with respect to recallability. On the basis of Ley and Locascio's (1970b) hypotheSis that (a) recognition and recall are different memor...
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