This study aimed to measure social stereotypes with the Photo Projective Method (PPM) developed by Noda (1988). PPM is a new technique based on a projective method to capture perceived environments by photographs. Ten university students were provided with cameras and requested to take
three pictures of “something representative of our university” and three pictures of “something not representative of our university.” The results showed that stereotypes were measured on a microlevel and macrolevel by PPM. Also PPM allowed participants greater freedom
in response production, therefore eliciting far more elaborate responses than language-based methodologies. The possibilities and advantages of PPM for measuring social identity, social representation, and other areas of social cognition are discussed.
The purpose of this study was to clarify the process of attitude change for an in-group and an out-group from different towns with regard to their involvement in Japanese traditional festivals. The 71 participants lived near to where the Usuki festival is held. An investigation was conducted over four months using a survey questionnaire that measured attitudes toward the in-group and the out-group. The factor analysis of these attitude scales yielded four factors that included: attachment to in-and out-group towns and attachment to in-and out-group members. Attachment to the in-group factor scores were higher than those to the out-group, and only the attitude to in-group members changed over time. It was concluded that the existence of an identity and actual contact produced this result. Finally, the importance of real-world conflict in intergroup research is demonstrated.
This study classied environmentally-conscious behaviors of residents n = 335 along Lake Biwa as a common goods into personal and group behavioral intentions, and examined the determinants of these intentions. Identication with the community was a social identity, and di唖 ered from attachment to Lake Biwa, which was dened as topophilia. The results indicated that group behavior was a唖 ected by topophilia, while personal behavior was inuenced by general attitudes about the environmental problems of the lake and evaluations of the cost for the behavior. Community identity had a signicant e唖 ect on both personal and group behavior. Rational or emotional decision making processes resulted in two di唖 erent types of environmentally-conscious behaviors.
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.