Introduction: Sepsis is an intractable disorder, which is associated with high risk of organ dysfunction and even death, while its pathogenesis remains largely unclear. Our study aims to study the research trend on sepsis and host immune response, and compare the contribution of publications from different countries, institutions, journals and authors.Materials and Methods: We extracted all relevant publications with regard to sepsis and immune response during 1999-2019 from Web of Science. GraphPad Prism 6, and VOSviewer software were used to collect and analyze the publication trend in related field.Results: We identified a total of 1225 publications with citation frequency of 40511 times up to March 30, 2019. The United States accounted for the largest number of publications (36.3%), 51.9% of total citations as well as the highest H-index (72). The sum of publications from China ranked the second, while the overall citations (1935) and H-index (22) ranked the eighth and the seventh, respectively. Journal of Shock had published most papers related to the topic on sepsis and immune response. Ayala A SA, has published the most papers in this field (31), while Hotchkiss RS presented with the most citation frequency (3532). The keyword “regulatory T cell” appeared most recently with an average appearing years of 2014.0. The “immunosuppression related research” seemed to be the hotspot in relevant scope.Conclusions: The United States made the most outstanding contribution within this important field. There is a mismatch between the quantity and quality of publications from China. Latest progress can be tracked in journal of Shock. Immunosuppression related researches may be hotspots in the near future.
BackgroundHypertension is a significant global public health problem and recognized as an important risk factor for cardiovascular diseases. This study was designed to assess the current prevalence of hypertension and to explore risk factors associated with hypertension by urban and rural status to guide the prevention and control of hypertension in Jilin province.MethodsA multi-stage stratified random cluster sampling method was used to obtain data on hypertension, which was investigated by physical examination and face-to-face questionnaire in July 2014-December 2015. Sample data were analyzed by complex weighted statistical analysis to estimate blood pressure levels and prevalence of hypertension in the province. Multivariable logistic regression analysis was used to identify factors influencing hypertension rates.ResultsThe prevalence of hypertension was significantly higher in rural areas than urban areas (25.93% versus 22.73%, respectively). The rates of hypertension known (46.7% versus 38.1%, respectively), control (13.7% versus 5.0%, respectively), and controlled among treated subjects (38.3% versus 17.5%, respectively) were higher in urban areas than in rural areas (all p < 0.001), while the treatment rate was not statistically significantly different between urban and rural areas (35.9% versus 28.4%, respectively). After adjusting for demographic covariates, hypertension prevalence in rural areas was still significantly greater than in urban areas (adjusted OR = 1.22; 95%CI: 1.10, 1.36; p < 0.001). Common risk factors for hypertension among urban and rural residents included older age; male; married; employed; less education; overweight/obese; greater abdominal waist circumference; family history of hypertension, stroke, or coronary heart disease; current smoker; alcohol consumption; higher visceral adiposity index; and higher body fat percentage.ConclusionsThis study identified an increased risk for hypertension in rural regions of Jilin province, suggesting that rural hypertension screening and treatment guidelines should receive greater attention.
The nitrogen oxides (NO(x)) decomposition on illuminated TiO(2) surfaces has been widely studied, but little is known about the subsequent formation of non-nitrogen containing products. In this study, TiO(2) coated glass surfaces and TiO(2) films with nitrate anions (either premixed with TiO(2) as KNO(3) or deposited from gaseous NO(x)) are irradiated with broad-band light. Upon irradiation, detected gas phase products include NO(2), HNO(2), and O(3). To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study that reveals the production of O(3) from TiO(2) surfaces. By surface charge transfer reactions, nitrate anions are oxidized into nitrate radicals and their photochemistry (almost in the visible) leads to O(3) formation, enhancing the oxidizing power of these surfaces.
Objective. It is known that noxious stimuli from inflamed tissue may increase the excitability of spinal dorsal horn neurons (a process known as central sensitization), which can signal back and contribute to peripheral inflammation. However, the underlying mechanisms have yet to be fully defined. A number of recent studies have indicated that spinal NF-B/p65 is involved in central sensitization, as well as pain-related behavior. Thus, the aim of this study was to determine whether NF-B/p65 can facilitate a peripheral inflammatory response in rat adjuvant-induced arthritis (AIA).Methods. Lentiviral vectors encoding short hairpin RNAs that target NF-B/p65 (LV-shNF-B/p65) were constructed for gene silencing. The spines of rats with AIA were injected with LV-shNF-B/p65 on day 3 or day 10 after treatment with Freund's complete adjuvant (CFA). During an observation period of 20 days, pain-related behavior, paw swelling, and joint histopathologic changes were evaluated. Moreover, the expression levels of spinal tumor necrosis factor ␣ (TNF␣), interleukin-1 (IL-1), and cyclooxygenase 2 (COX-2) were assessed on day 14 after CFA treatment. Conclusion. These findings indicate that spinal NF-B/p65 plays an important role in the initiation and development of both peripheral inflammation and hyperalgesia. Thus, inhibition of spinal NF-B/p65 expression may provide a potential treatment to manage painful inflammatory disorders. Results
Background Accumulating evidence indicates that spinal inflammatory and immune responses play an important role in the process of radicular pain caused by intervertebral disk herniation. Resolvin D1 (RvD1) has been shown to have potent antiinflammatory and antinociceptive effects. The current study was undertaken to investigate the analgesic effect of RvD1 and its underlying mechanism in rat models of noncompressive lumbar disk herniation. Methods Rat models of noncompressive lumber disk herniation were established, and mechanical thresholds were evaluated using the von Frey test during an observation period of 21 days (n = 8/group). Intrathecal injection of vehicle or RvD1 (10 or 100 ng) was performed for three successive postoperative days. On day 7, the ipsilateral spinal dorsal horns and L5 dorsal root ganglions (DRGs) were removed to assess the expressions of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin-1β (IL-1β), IL-10, and transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) and the activation of nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB)/p65 and phospho-extracellular signal–regulated kinase (p-ERK) signaling (n = 30/group). Results The application of nucleus pulposus to L5 DRG induced prolonged mechanical allodynia, inhibited the production of IL-10 and TGF-β1, and up-regulated the expression of TNF-α, IL-1β, NF-κB/p65, and p-ERK in the spinal dorsal horns and DRGs. Intrathecal injection of RvD1 showed a potent analgesic effect, inhibited the up-regulation of TNF-α and IL-1β, increased the release of IL-10 and TGF-β1, and attenuated the expression of NF-κB/p65 and p-ERK in a dose-dependent manner. Conclusions The current study showed that RvD1 might alleviate neuropathic pain via regulating inflammatory mediators and NF-κB/p65 and p-ERK pathways. Its antiinflammatory and proresolution properties may offer novel therapeutic approaches for the management of neuropathic pain.
Endothelial dysfunction contributes to diabetic macrovascular complications. Sirtuin 1 (SIRT1) protects against diabetic vasculopathy. SRT2104 is a novel SIRT1 activator and was not previously studied for its effects on diabetes-induced aortic endothelial dysfunction. Additionally, whether or to what extent deacetylation of P53, a substrate of SIRT1, is required for the effects of SIRT1 activation was unclear, given the fact that SIRT1 has multiple targets. Moreover, little was known about the pathogenic role of P53 in diabetes-induced aortic injury. To these ends, diabetes was induced by streptozotocin in C57BL/6 mice. The diabetic mice developed enhanced aortic contractility, oxidative stress, inflammation, P53 hyperacetylation and a remarkable decrease in SIRT1 protein, the effects of which were rescued by SRT2104. In HG-treated endothelial cells (ECs), siRNA and SRT2104 produced similar effects on the induction of SIRT1 and the inhibition of P53 acetylation, oxidative stress and inflammation. Interestingly, SRT2104 failed to further enhance these effects in the presence of siRNA. Moreover, P53 activation by nutlin3a completely abolished SRT2104's protection against HG-induced oxidative stress and inflammation. Further, forced activation of P53 by nutlin3a increased aortic contractility in the healthy mice and generated endothelial oxidative stress and inflammation in both the normal glucose-cultured ECs and the aortas of the healthy mice. Collectively, the present study demonstrates that P53 deacetylation predominantly mediates SRT2104's protection against diabetes-induced aortic endothelial dysfunction and highlights the pathogenic role of P53 in aortic endothelial dysfunction.
Background: Log odds of positive lymph nodes (LODDS) is a novel and promising ratio-based lymph node (LN) staging system in many malignancies. This study aimed to evaluate the prognostic value of LODDS, and comprehensively compare the prognostic predictive performance of LODDS with the American Joint Committee on Cancer (AJCC) N classification, number of positive lymph node (NPLN), and lymph node ratio (LNR) among node-positive lung squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) patients after surgery.Methods: We identified 2,561 patients with N1/N2 stage SCC diagnosed between 2004 and 2014 from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) database. X-tile analysis was used to calculate the optimal cut-off value for each staging system. Univariable and Multivariable Cox regression analyses were used to assess the association of cancer-specific survival (CSS), and overall survival (OS) with N, NPLN, LNR, and LODDS, separately, and integrally. Moreover, linear trend χ 2 score, likelihood ratio (LR) test, Akaike information criterion (AIC), and Harrell concordance index (C-index) were adopted as criteria for assessing the predictive ability of each model. Results:The optimal cut-off values for NPLN, LNR, and LODDS were 3, 0.28, and −0.37, respectively. N, NPLN, LNR, and LODDS were identified as independent prognostic predictors for CSS and OS in patients with SCC when each of them was incorporated into multivariable Cox model separately. Additionally, LODDS had the higher linear trend χ 2 score, higher LR χ 2 test score, lower AIC, and higher C-index compared to the other three systems. Moreover, a combination of N, NPLN, and LODDS was superior to any staging system alone for predicting prognosis.Conclusions: LODDS showed better predictive performance than N, NPLN, and LNR among patients with node-positive SCC after surgery. A combination of LODDS and the current AJCC TNM classification has the potential for becoming a better staging method to more precisely predicting prognosis.
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