We should not only use the brains we have, but all that we can borrow. (Woodrow Wilson) ABSTRACT: Drawing on Complexity Theory and on the literature of autonomy, the discussions herein presented will center around the language learner process of autonomy as a complex system. As empirical evidence to defend our assumptions, a corpus of 80 English language learning narratives, collected in Brazil, were examined and interwined with the theoretical discussion. KEY-WORDS: Complexity; autonomy; foreign language learner. RESUMO:Tendo a teoria da complexidade e a literatura sobre autonomia como suporte, apresentamos uma discussão sobre o processo de autonomia do aprendiz de língua estrangeira como um sistema complexo. Para defender nossa proposta, utilizamos como evidências empíricas, em diálogo com a discussão teórica, um corpus de 80 narrativas de aprendizagem de língua inglesa, coletadas no Brasil. PALAVRAS-CHAVE: Complexidade; autonomia; aprendiz de língua estrangeira.
ABSTRACT:Combining games with mobile devices can promote learning opportunities at the learners' fingertips and enable ubiquitous learning experiences. As teachers increasingly assign games to reinforce language learning, it becomes essential to evaluate how effective these applications are in helping students learn the content or develop the skills that the games are reinforcing. This article examines two English language learning apps under the RETAIN model (GUNTER; KENNY; VICK, 2008). The findings indicate that although these apps offer some language learning opportunities, they do not present scenario-based quality or gameplay, among other elements, if they are to be considered games. KEYWORDS: Educational mobile games; English language learning applications; evaluation of educational games; RETAIN model. 210 RESUMO: A combinação de jogos e dispositivos móveis pode promover oportunidades de aprendizagem ao alcance dos aprendizes e permitir experiências de aprendizagem ubíquas. Uma vez que professores cada vez mais usam jogos para reforçar a aprendizagem de línguas, torna-se essencial avaliar o quão eficiente esses aplicativos são em ajudar os estudantes a aprender o conteúdo e desenvolver as habilidades que eles estão reforçando. Este estudo examina dois apps para a aprendizagem de língua inglesa utilizando o modelo RETAIN. Os resultados apontam que embora esses apps ofereçam algumas oportunidades de aprendizagem de línguas, eles não apresentam cenários ou gameplay entre outros elementos necessários para serem considerados jogos. PALAVRAS-CHAVE: Jogos educacionais móveis; aplicativos para aprendizagem de línguas; avaliação de jogos educacionais; modelo RETAIN.
RESUMO: Neste texto, apresentamos um panorama de estudos na área da Lingüística Aplicada que discutem questões relativas ao processo de desenvolvimento de segunda língua, bem como aspectos relacionados aos ambientes interacionais de aprendizagem na perspectiva das teorias do Caos e Complexidade. Para isso, discutimos as principais noções da perspectiva da complexidade, retomando alguns aspectos da física clássica e contemporânea.PALAVRAS CHAVE: teorias do caos e da complexidade; lingüística aplicada; transdisciplinaridade; aprendizagem de línguas.ABSTRACT: In this paper, we present a panorama of studies in the area of Applied Linguistics that discuss questions regarding second language development as well as aspects related to interactional learning environments in the light of Chaos and Complexity theories. To accomplish this, we discuss the main notions of complexity through the rethinking of some aspects of classic and contemporary physics. KEY-WORDS: chaos and complexity theories; applied linguistics; transdisciplinarity; language learning. Surgida inicialmente nas ciências naturais, a teoria da complexidade tem sido cada vez mais utilizada para a compreensão de sistemas humanos e sociais. Como destaca Morin (1990), a vida humana é um fenômeno de auto-eco-organização extraordinariamente complexo e, portanto, os fenômenos antropossociais não podem obedecer a princípios de inteligibilidade menos complexos do que aqueles requeridos para os fenômenos naturais.Nesse sentido, apresentamos contribuições na área da Lingüística Aplicada que compartilham o pensamento de que existem similaridades entre as proposições das teorias do caos e da complexidade e os fenômenos
The popularity of mobile devices brings on new challenges for teacher education. Based on complexity theory, this qualitative study1 seeks to better understand the dynamics of a social group, especially the conditions for the emergence of learning in a mobile educational experience. Sixty in-service teachers in Brazil participated in a six-week course via WhatsApp. The analysis of the answers to questionnaires and the corpus generated by the teachers’ interactions indicate that the devices’ mobility favored interactions, control distribution, and social repertoire of possibilities. The findings also indicate that the teachers recognize the potential of mobile technology for mediating learning experiences.
Despite society’s adoption of mobile devices, we have yet to learn whether teachers perceive these artifacts as an innovation and what their potential is for teacher development and practice. This study aims to answer the following questions: what does mobile application affordances teachers perceive for their professional development and practice? What do these affordances reveal concerning Rogers (2003) innovation attributes, namely: relative advantage, compatibility, complexity, trialability, and observability? The analysis of eleven teachers’ narratives indicates that teachers do perceive the affordances of their devices for professional development. As for instruction, these teachers report that lack of school equipment and the need for a curriculum that includes the use of emergent technologies may indicate a low degree of compatibility, an attribute concerning a social system’s values. The reported affordances indicate the need for a new value system if the adoption of mobile learning is to take place in formal education.
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