Green and environmentally friendly ionogels formed by a sugar surfactant were prepared in two kinds of imidazolium-based ionic liquids. The phase transition from ribbon structures to lamellar structures induced by temperature and the transition mechanism were investigated in detail by means of freeze-fracture TEM and field-emission SEM observations, as well as small-angle X-ray scattering measurements. The rheological properties and tribological properties of two kinds of ionogels were systematically investigated. The difference in the lubricating properties and antiwear capability can be explained well by the mechanical and viscoelastic properties, as well as the different microstructures of samples destroyed by shear forces. This work provides a better understanding of the relationship between the structures, rheological properties, and tribological properties of ionogels.

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The gelation behavior of cationic surfactants with different counterions, Br À ,[ FeCl 3 Br] À ,a nd [CeCl 3 Br] À ,i ni midazoliumi onic liquids (ILs) and protic ethylammonium nitrate was investigated.S mall-angle X-ray scattering measurements and freeze-fracture transmission electron microscopy observations revealed the lamellar phases of metallosurfactant ionogels. The characteristics of imidazolium ILs, including the size and type, have effects on metallosurfactant ion-ogel properties, such as transformation temperatures, interlayer spacing, and mechanical strength.C ubic fluorite structured cerium oxide nanoparticles (CeO 2 NPs) were produced by using metallosurfactant ionogels as precursors.

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