Emerald is a global publisher linking research and practice to the benefit of society. The company manages a portfolio of more than 290 journals and over 2,350 books and book series volumes, as well as providing an extensive range of online products and additional customer resources and services. Emerald is both COUNTER 4 and TRANSFER compliant. The organization is a partner of the Committee on Publication Ethics (COPE) and also works with Portico and the LOCKSS initiative for digital archive preservation.

Purpose/Research Question: In general, networks have played a role in improving innovation, and early-stage companies adopt an entrepreneurial orientation to secure competitiveness. In other words, the companies would like to penetrate global markets due to the CEO's international entrepreneurial orientation. In addition, by utilizing their networks, the companies would like to improve their international performance. Relatively few studies have been devoted to investigating the empirical relationships between entrepreneurial orientation, networks, and international performance. In particular, technology-based firms are one of the best samples. Therefore, this study aims to explore the characteristics of the firms and then investigate comprehensively and empirically the relationships between international entrepreneurial orientation, networks, and international performance, based on data from technology-based firms in South Korea. Design/Methodology/Approach: The study analyzes data from technology-based small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) using structural equation modeling (SEM). It assumes that networks will play a moderating role in the relationships between international entrepreneurial orientation and international performance. We carried out the survey after conducting interviews with CEOs of SMEs. Findings/Results: International entrepreneurial orientation has a significant effect on international performance. Moreover, the stronger the networks that SMEs have with other stakeholders such as universities, industries, and technoparks, the higher their international performance. With stronger networks, tech-based SMEs have easier access to useful technologies and hence better international performance. Research Limitations/Implications: There are some limitations to this study. First of all, the study relied heavily on quantitative methods, such as surveys. This approach is inadequate for considering individuals' in-depth opinions. Therefore, future research utilizing both qualitative and quantitative measures needs to be carried out. Second, this study has some academic limitations. In fact, this study considered restricted factors regarding innovation and networks; thus it is necessary to evaluate other variables such as environmental factors (e.g., regulations or support policies) that might be significantly associated with networks and innovation hereafter. Finally, due to the fact that this study was focused on SMEs, it is difficult to generalize the above results. However, this study implies that stronger network ties improve international performance, thus SMEs must establish and reinforce networks to improve the performance.

No abstract

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to investigate the mediating role of innovative behavior on the relationships between organizational structure, such as centralization, formalization, integration, and organizational innovation performance. Design/methodology/approach The authors collected data from 140 functional managers of manufacturing organizations in the Republic of Korea. The authors used structural equation modeling procedure to evaluate the validity of proposed hypotheses. Findings The results suggest that innovative behavior mediates the links among centralization, formalization, and organizational innovation performance. However, the findings indicate that innovative behavior does not mediate the relationship between integration and organizational innovation performance. Originality/value This work is the first to examine the mediating role of innovative behavior on the associations among centralization, integration, and organizational innovation performance.

The importance of international markets is constantly emphasized for small and medium enterprises(SMEs). In previous studies, technological innovation capabilities were emphasized as a factor that enables SMEs to compete in the international market. To this end, SMEs need to cooperate with external partners to strengthen their technological innovation capabilities to thus improve their international performance. With the perspective view of open innovation, this research explores the effects of relational capital and technological innovation capability on international performance, with a particular focus on the moderating effect of alliance proactiveness. Building on previous literature regarding internationalization, technological innovation, and alliance proactiveness, research hypotheses were developed and tested using data collected from 175 SMEs. A hierarchical regression analysis was applied. The analysis showed that, first, relational capital had a significant effect on the technological innovation capability. Second, technological innovation capability has a significant influence on the international performance. Third, technological innovation capability mediated the relationship between relational capital and international performance. Finally, alliance proactiveness was found to moderate the relationship between technological innovation capability and international performance. The key research findings imply that relational capital and alliance proactiveness are the key factors of international performance, as they improved the development of the technological innovation capability.

The cancer risk among solid organ transplantation recipients in East-Asia has been insufficiently studied. This study estimated de novo cancer incidence in kidney and liver recipients 2008–2015, compared with the general population in Korea using nationwide data. This is a retrospective cohort study using nationwide health insurance claims data. The study population was comprised of cancer-free 10,085 kidney recipients and 3,822 liver recipients. Standardized incidence ratio (SIR) of cancer using indirect standardization was calculated. Compared with the general population, the cancer risk increased by 3.19-fold in male and 2.56-fold in female kidney recipients. By cancer type, a notably increased SIR was observed for Kaposi sarcoma, renal cancer, skin cancer, and non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma in male and for bladder cancer, renal cancer, and non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma in female kidney recipients. In liver recipients, the SIR of all cancers was 3.43 in males and 2.30 in females. In male liver recipients, the SIRs for Kaposi sarcoma, non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma, myeloid leukemia, and skin cancer and in female recipients those for non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma and liver cancer were prominent. A greatly higher SIRs for overall cancer and non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma in kidney and liver recipients aged 0–19 were observed, compared with recipients in other age group. The incidence of de novo cancer in kidney and liver recipients was higher than the general population and common types were different. Strategies of cancer prevention and screening after kidney and liver transplantation should be developed in response to the incidence of common types of de novo cancers.

The formation process of Nb~O~ films by metallorganic chemical vapor deposition using pentaethoxy niobium (PEN: Nb(OC~H~)~) as a vapor source and O~ as reactant gas has been analyzed by in situ ellipsometry at substrate temperatures of 200 to 500~ and at O~ flow rates of 0 to 2000 cm~/min. According to the changes in the refractive index and the growth rate of the films, the formation process can be divided into three stages, that is, the nucleation and coalescence, the homogeneous growth, and the surface roughness evolution stages. The refractive index and the growth rate of the films were found to depend on the substrate temperature and the O~ flow rate. The films deposited at 200 to 400~ had amorphous structures, and those deposited at 450 to 500~ contained a 8-Nb~O~ phase in an amorphous matrix. The corrosion resistance of the films in a buffered I-IF solution depended on both the deposition temperature and the O~ flow rate. The film deposited at 450~ in the absence of O~ showed the highest corrosion resistance against the solution.Thin Nb2Q films have been proposed for various applications such as dielectric layers in thin film capacitors, :'2 antireflection coatings for solar cells, 3 and optical waveguides, ~ because of the high dielectric constant (e = 11 to 1007 and high refractive index (2.2 to 2.6 at 546.1 nm)J Moreover, excellent chemical stability of Nb~O~ ~ suggests that this material can be used as corrosion resistant coatings. Several techniques including electron beam evaporation, ~ plasma oxidation, ~' halogen transport, ~ and chemical vapor deposition, ~ have been employed to produce Nh~O~ films. Among these techniques, metallorganic chemical vapor deposition (MOCVD) using the pyrolysis of metal alkoxides is attractive as a preparation method for corrosion resistant oxide coatings, because it offers the following advantages: (i) process simplicity, (it) lower processing temperatures to obtain high density films, (iii) good uniformity and step-coverage of films, and (iv) control of the stoichiometry. However, it is necessary to optimize process parameters to produce metallorganic chemical vapor deposition (MOCVD) oxide films with a good corrosion resistance. ~ It has been reported that the properties of Ta~O~, ~,~0 TiQ, n ZrO~, ~= and AI~O~ ~ films, which were formed by MOCVD using corresponding metal alkoxides, change with deposition time as well as with substrate temperature. It is therefore important to elucidate in situ the change in film properties during deposition under various conditions. The aim of this study is to analyze the growth process and corrosion characteristics of Nb~O~ films formed by MOCVD using pentaethoxy niobium (PEN: Nb(OC~H~)~) as a vapor source. In situ ellipsometry was employed for observing changes in the thickness and optical constants of the films * Electrochemical Society Active Member. during deposition. The dissolution rates of the films were also measured by el]ipsometry in a buffered HF solution. ExperimentalMOCVD apparatus.--Nb20~ films were deposited by MOCV...

No abstract