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Co-pyrolysis of coal and lignocellulosic biomass has the potential to mitigate the emission of greenhouse gases from an energy supply. Successful application of this technology requires proper investigation on the influence of coal and lignocellulosic biomass mixing on thermal behavior and product characteristics. Therefore, in this study, thermal behavior of a kind of Chinese bituminous coal blended with edible fungi residue (EFR) was evaluated through nonisothermal thermogravimertic analysis. Raman spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy with energy dispersive spectroscopy techniques were applied to determine the char structure evolution. The results revealed that the EFR promoted thermal decomposition of the bituminous coal and synergy effect on char yield was observed. The activation energy distribution calculated via an isoconversional method showed nonadditivity performance, which may be caused by the catalytic effects of alkali and alkaline earth metals and the char structure evolution. The Raman spectrum results indicated that the Raman intensity of the co-pyrolysis char increased with the EFR ratio, which can be due to the combined effect of the O-containing groups and nonproportional effects of alkali and alkaline earth metallic species. The area ratio of the G (graphite) band to all the bands (A G / A all ) and that of the valley between D (disordered) and G bands to the D band (A GR /A D and A (GR+VL+VR) /A D ) had been found useful in evaluating the evolution of the char structure. An increase in A G /A all seemed to suggest the increasing aromatization of the chars. The increase in A GR /A D and A (GR+VL+VR) /A D implied the generation of more smaller (3−5 rings) aromatic ring structures and the elimination of lager (no less than 6 rings) aromatic ring systems in the char samples as the EFR ratio increasing.

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The steel industry accounts for 5% of the world's total energy consumption and contributes 6% of the world's anthropogenic CO 2 emissions. The control of CO 2 emissions has become increasingly stringent in various countries. The most advanced CO 2 emission reduction technology in the steel industry has reached a bottleneck; therefore, many countries have begun developing breakthrough CO 2 emission reduction technologies to cope with the current global climate change. Blast furnace (BF) ironmaking is the key production process in steel manufacturing. The development of low-carbon ironmaking technology based on the BF is an effective way to realize green evolvement of iron and steel industry. The current hot technologies of low-carbon BF ironmaking and innovative low-carbon BF ironmaking processes of the steel industry in various countries (including Europe, USA, Japan, etc.) are summarized in this paper; in addition, new ideas for China's steel industry to reduce CO 2 emissions are provided.

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With the increasing demand for the efficient utilization of global resources, a green strategy for the transformation of inferior coals to highly value-added products is demonstrated.

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