Artifi cial superhydrophobic surfaces [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10] with water contact angles (CAs) greater than 150 ° have been intensively investigated due to their unique "anti-water" property that could be utilized in a wide range of applications. [11][12][13] Recent development of intelligent devices, such as microfl uidic switches and biomedicine transporters, makes strong demands on surface wettability control, therefore, responsive surfaces have become a signifi cant issue for superhydrophobic studies. Up to now, various smart surfaces have been successfully developed as reversible switches for wettability control through a micronanostructured surface on a responsive material. [14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25] These unique tunings of surface wettability greatly contributed to refi ned control of surface wettability. With the thorough understanding of superhydrophobic phenomenon, superhydrophobic surfaces have been classifi ed into fi ve states [ 26 ] according to the details of CA hysteresis, which have been well verifi ed on different samples based on experimental results. [ 1 , 8 , 27-29 ] Superhydrophobic surfaces in different states show distinctive advantages in varied applications. Hence, efforts have also been devoted to precise tuning between different superhydrophobic states. For example, Lai et al. [ 23 a] investigated superhydrophobic surfaces with controlled adhesion to water droplets by using different kinds of rough surfaces. Li et al. [ 23 b] observed reversible switching between a transitional state (sliding angle of 75 ° ) and the Wenzel superhydrophobic state (high adhesion force) by changing the temperature. This inspired no-loss microdroplet transfer and trace-liquid reactor applications, [ 15 ] which usually need precise control of water droplet movement on the same surface from "roll-down" to "pinned" superhydrophobic states. Nevertheless, this no-loss transfer of a given water droplet requires a sensitive in situ tuning of surface wettability. Jiang et al. have reported an in situ control of magnetic droplet movement using extra magnetic fi eld, where the tuning was based not on pure water droplets, but on magnetic liquids. [ 27 ] From the practical point of view, it is still worth pointing out that the above-mentioned tuning approaches usually depend on harsh tuning conditions, such as UV irradiation, [ 18 ] electrical current, [ 19 , 21 ] a wide range of temperature, [ 23 ] or treatments by chemical solvents. [ 22 , 25 ] They may be not suitable for mild condition applications. For example, enzymes or biological cells in microfl uidic devices would be seriously affected under UV irradiation, temperature change, or addition of chemical substances. In addition, most of these tunable surfaces are based on artifi cially introduced material compositions or particular material species, [18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25] such as azobenzene and metal oxides, which suffer from poor biocompatibility. Therefore, it is urgently desirable to fi nd a simple, environmentally...

A high efficiency and eco-friendly porous cellulose-based bioadsorbent was synthesized by grafting acrylic acid and acrylamide to remove anionic dye acid blue 93 (AB93) and cationic dye methylene blue (MB) from single and binary dye solutions. The effects of initial dye concentration, bioadsorbent dosage, contact time, solution pH value, temperature, ionic strength and surfactant content on the adsorption capacity of the bioadsorbent were investigated. The maximum adsorption capacities of the bioadsorbent for both AB93 and MB were 1372 mg g -1 at initial concentration of 2500 mg L -1 . The conditions-dependent adsorption characteristics of the bioadsorbent indicated a high efficiency of dyes removal. The appropriate isotherm model for the equilibrium process was the Freundlich, and the kinetic studies revealed that the adsorption of AB93 and MB followed the pseudo-second-order kinetic models. The adsorbent behaviors were dominated by the electrostatic interactions between the bioadsorbents and the dye molecules. Moreover, the recyclability experiments showed that the bioadsorbent could be reused for at least three cycles with stable adsorption capacity even in complex systems containing binary-dyes, salt and surfactant. Thus, the cellulose-based bioadsorbent can be effectively used for the removal of dyes from industrial textile wastewater.

Group affiliated companies, State ownership, Diversification, Firm performance,

In this paper, one simple method to control two-direction anisotropic wetting by regular micropearl arrays was demonstrated. Various micropearl arrays with large area were rapidly fabricated by a kind of improved laser interference lithography. Specially, we found that the parallel contact angle (CA) theta(2) decreased from 93 degrees to 67 degrees as the intensity ratio of four laser beams increased from 2:1 to 30:1, while the perpendicular CA theta(1) determined by the thickness of the resin remained constant. This was interpreted as the decrease of height variations Delta h from 1100 to 200 nm along the parallel direction caused by the increase of the intensity ratio. According to this rule, both theta(1) and theta(2) could be simultaneously controlled by adjusting the height variation Delta h and the resin thickness. Moreover, by combining appropriate design and low surface energy modification, a natural anisotropic rice leaf exhibiting CAs of 146 degrees +/- 2 degrees/153 degrees +/- 3 degrees could be mimicked by our anisotropic biosurface with the CAs 145 degrees +/- 1 degrees/150 degrees +/- 2 degrees. We believe that these controlled anisotropic biosurfaces will be helpful for designing smart, fluid-controllable interfaces that may be applied in novel microfluidic devices, evaporation-driven micro/nanostructures, and liquid microdroplet directional transfer.