Vertically oriented graphene (VG) nanosheets have attracted growing interest for a wide range of applications, from energy storage, catalysis and field emission to gas sensing, due to their unique orientation, exposed sharp edges, non-stacking morphology, and huge surface-to-volume ratio. Plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition (PECVD) has emerged as a key method for VG synthesis; however, controllable growth of VG with desirable characteristics for specific applications remains a challenge. This paper attempts to summarize the state-of-the-art research on PECVD growth of VG nanosheets to provide guidelines on the design of plasma sources and operation parameters, and to offer a perspective on outstanding challenges that need to be overcome to enable commercial applications of VG. The review starts with an overview of various types of existing PECVD processes for VG growth, and then moves on to research on the influences of feedstock gas, temperature, and pressure on VG growth, substrate pretreatment, the growth of VG patterns on planar substrates, and VG growth on cylindrical and carbon nanotube (CNT) substrates. The review ends with a discussion on challenges and future directions for PECVD growth of VG.

On line 8, gd was wrong. It should've read ''.T cells was independent of ab T cells.'' On line 10, d was omitted. It should've read ''.significantly decreased in T cell receptor d-deficient.'' On line 12, Il17ra -/was wrong. It should've read ''.occurred normally in Tcra À/À mice.'' On line 14, Il17ra -/was wrong. It should've read ''.decreased in Tcrd À/À mice.''The authors are sorry for any confusion this may have caused.Additionally, the Note Added in Proof published with this paper online on October 6, 2011 contained the following sentence: ''After acceptance of this manuscript, two studies were published describing a similar population of dermal gd T cells.'' The sentence should've read: ''During review of this manuscript, two studies were published describing a similar population of dermal gd T cells.'' We apologize for any confusion this may have caused.

Dense networks of graphene nanosheets standing vertically on a current collector can work as numerous electrically conductive bridges to facilitate charge transport and mitigate the constriction/spreading resistance at the interface between the active material and the current collector. The vertically oriented graphene-bridged supercapacitors present excellent rate and power capabilities.

No abstract

Preparation of graphene from chemical reduction of graphene oxide (GO) is recognized as one of the most promising methods for large-scale and low-cost production of graphene-based materials. This study reports a new, green, and efficient reducing agent (caffeic acid/CA) for GO reduction. The CA-reduced GO (CA-rGO) shows a high C/O ratio (7.15) that is among the best rGOs prepared with green reducing reagents. Electronic gas sensors and supercapacitors have been fabricated with the CA-rGO and show good performance, which demonstrates the potential of CA-rGO for sensing and energy storage applications.G raphene, a two-dimensional (2D) carbon material, has shown great promise in various applications due to its unique structure and properties 1,2 . To promote the practical applications of graphene-based materials, a priority should be given to the exploration for large-scale preparation of high-quality graphene with easy processing route and low cost. Up to now, diverse strategies have been applied for the production of graphene, mainly including mechanical or ultrasonic exfoliation 3 , chemical vapor deposition (CVD)/plasmaenhanced CVD (PECVD) 4,5 , epitaxial growth 6 , electric arc discharge 7 , chemical intercalation 8 , thermal/chemical reduction of graphene oxide (GO) [9][10][11] . Among these methods, chemical reduction of GO is recognized as a versatile and suitable method for the preparation of graphene in bulk quantities at a low cost. Unfortunately, a large number of widely used reducing agents are toxic and/or explosive, such as the commonly-used hydrazine hydrate (HH) 12 and sodium borohydride 13 . As a consequence, continuous endeavors have been directed towards the development and optimization of eco-friendly reducing agents for GO reduction.Recent studies revealed that some natural materials/chemicals are promising substitutes for toxic/explosive reducing agents for GO reduction, such as metals (e.g., iron, zinc, and aluminum) [14][15][16]

The binding targets of aptamers, the interaction probing methods, and the main binding forces mediating the interaction have been summarized.

a b s t r a c tThis paper examines the demand for directors' and officers' liability insurance (D&O insurance) by Chinese listed companies where controlling-minority shareholder incentive conflicts are acute due to the concentrated and split ownership structure. We hypothesize and find evidence that the incidence of seeking D&O insurance is positively related to the extent of controlling-minority shareholder incentive conflicts -a finding not previously documented in the literature. Using an event study, we find that the announcements of D&O insurance decisions in firms that engage in earnings management, and/or are controlled by a local government (such firms tend to have stronger incentives to tunnel), seem to have a negative wealth effect. In addition, the incidence of the D&O insurance decision is positively related to the proportion of independent directors and several litigation risk proxies. Therefore, the breakthrough in corporate governance and judicial reforms has created non-negligible perceived securities litigation risks in China.

No abstract