TG-FTIR analysis of PVC thermal degradation and HCl removal

Zhu, Hongmei; Jiang, Xuguang; Yan, Jun; Chi, Yong; Cen, Kefa

doi:10.1016/j.jaap.2007.11.011

Cited by 242 publications

(114 citation statements)

References 30 publications

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“…Bandas características dos aditivos presentes nos filmes de PVC são: 1740 cm -1 (CO de éster); 1577 cm -1 ; 1539 cm -1 (atribuídas à presença de sais de ácidos carboxílicos e estearato de cálcio e zinco); 1461 cm -1 (CH 2 ) [44,45] . A região entre 715 e 667 cm -1 corresponde ao estiramento de C-Cl no PVC, estas bandas podem ser visualizadas no PVC-fv não sendo verificadas no PVC-fa, devido ao processo de desidrocloração do PVC durante a degradação [20] uma vez que, segundo Gonzalez e colaboradores [19] , a região de vibração do C-Cl é representada por três bandas diferentes, centradas em 690, 635 e 615 cm -1 . Os filmes de PVC-fa apresentaram mudanças na faixa de 1800 a 1600 cm -1 , relativas aos grupos carbonílicos e de polienos, devido à migração dos plastificantes.…”

Section: Resultsunclassified

“…A segunda etapa, chamada condensação e fragmentação, corresponde a processos de volatilização provenientes da degradação dessas estruturas. Estudos relatados na bibliografia [18][19][20] evidenciam que a etapa de início de degradação depende da taxa de aquecimento, bem como da massa inicial do PVC. No entanto, em todos os casos, o comportamento de degradação é descrito pelas duas etapas definidas, revelada normalmente pela mudança de coloração [21] .…”

Section: Análise Por Espectrometria No Infra Vermelho Por Transformadunclassified

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Degradação biológica do PVC em aterro sanitário e avaliação microbiológica

Grisa¹,

Simioni²,

Cardoso³

et al. 2011

Polímeros

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Resumo: O poli(cloreto de vinila) (PVC) é um dos polímeros utilizado no campo das embalagens e no setor calçadista, e, em função da sua aplicação diversificada, apresenta elevados percentuais em aterros domésticos e industriais. É um polímero amorfo podendo apresentar diferentes teores de plastificante e outros aditivos responsáveis pela sua estabilização, os quais podem influenciar no tempo de vida útil e nas propriedades do produto final. Este trabalho apresenta o estudo da degradação química e biológica de filmes de poli(cloreto de vinila) flexível (PVC-f), no aterro sanitário São Giácomo, na cidade de Caxias do Sul/RS, antes e após 330 dias de disposição. As amostras de PVC-f antes e após a disposição no aterro sanitário foram avaliadas por análise térmica (TGA), estrutural (FT-IR) e morfológica (MEV e MO). Observou-se que as amostras de PVC-f dispostas no aterro sanitário (PVC-fa), apresentam um único evento de perda de massa, em relação ao PVC-f não degradado ou virgem (PVC-fv), além de um maior % de perda de massa e de mudanças estruturais. Nas amostras de PVC-fa foram observadas modificações morfológicas importantes para descrever os fenômenos de degradação como erosão da superfície, bioerosão, que propiciaram a ação das leveduras, bactérias e fungos presentes no meio no polímero aterrado. Palavras-chave: Degradação, PVC, aterro sanitário, microrganismos, técnicas microscópicas. Biological Degradation of PVC in Landfill and Microbiological EvaluationAbstract: The poly (vinyl chloride) (PVC) is one of the polymers used in the field of packing materials and footwear sector, and due its diversified applications, it has presented in a high percentage of domestic and industrial landfills It is an amorphous polymer and may present different levels of plasticizer and other additives responsible for its stabilization, which can influence the lifetime and the properties of the final product. This work presents the study of the chemical and biological degradation of poly (vinyl chloride) flexible (PVC-f) films, at São Giácomo landfill, in Caxias do Sul city after 330 days of disposition. The samples of PVC-f were evaluated by thermal (TGA), structural (FT-IR) and morphological (MEV and MO) analysis after disposition. Samples of PVC-f disposed to landfill (PVC-fa) showed a single event of weight loss, when compared to PVC-f undegraded or virgin (PVC-fv), besides a higher weight loss and structural changes. In the PVC-fa samples, morphological modifications were observed, which are very important to describe the degradation phenomenon as superficial erosion and bioerosion, which propitiated the action of the yeast, bacteria and fungi present in the environment on the disposed polymer. Keywords: Degradation/biodegradation, PVC, landfill, microorganism, microscopy techniques. IntroduçãoSegundo Chiellini e Solaro [1] , os materiais poliméricos apresentam baixo custo e propriedades características, tais como leveza e praticidade, o que leva a maioria dos usuários, descartá-los sem controle ou inadequadamente, ameaçando ...

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Section: Resultsunclassified

Section: Análise Por Espectrometria No Infra Vermelho Por Transformadunclassified

Degradação biológica do PVC em aterro sanitário e avaliação microbiológica

Grisa¹,

Simioni²,

Cardoso³

et al. 2011

Polímeros

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“…The reagents were bought from Aladdin Reagents Co., Ltd. (Shanghai, China). The digestion mixture was measured by ICP-AES according to the procedure in [18]. Quantification was repeated three times to ensure data accuracy.…”

Section: Materials and Pretreatmentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The concentration of each N-compound was identified on the basis of the integral value of the release curves against temperature (time) under specific IR absorptions of 966, 714, 2251, and 1900 cm´1. Further details on the analysis method can be found in [17][18][19]. …”

Section: Pyrolysis and Product Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Alkali and Alkaline Earth Metals on N-Containing Species Release during Rice Straw Pyrolysis

King¹,

Maxwell

Donovan

2015

Energies

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Abstract:To study the effects of inherent and external alkali and alkaline earth metallic species (AAEMs, i.e., K, Ca and Mg) on the behavior of N-containing species release during rice straw (RS) pyrolysis, different pretreatments were applied in numerous experiments. Results indicate that ammonia (NH 3 ) and hydrogen cyanide (HCN) are the major N-containing species and that the yields of isocyanic acid (HNCO) and nitric oxide (NO) are relatively low. The removal of inhert AAEMs shifts N-containing species release to a high-temperature zone according to volatile release behavior because of the increase in activation energy. The formation selectivity of NH 3 , HNCO, and NO increases by demineralized pretreatment, whereas HCN selectivity decreases. The formation of HNCO is mainly affected by alkaline earth metal. N-containing species release occurs in low temperatures with the addition of external AAEMs. The activation energy of samples impregnated with CaCl 2 and MgCl 2 sharply decreases compared to the original RS. The total yields of N-containing species are reduced significantly in the presence of KCl, CaCl 2 , and MgCl 2 as additives. The inhibition ability of AAEMs follows the sequence MgCl 2 > CaCl 2 > KCl. The inhibition effect of MgCl 2 can be improved by solution immersion compared with solid powder mixing. The clean biomass pyrolysis and gasification technology with low N-containing species content may be developed according to the results.

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“…Consequently, a significant tonnage of plastic waste containing PVC will be generated, particularly in the municipal solid waste stream [6,7]. Under pyrolysis conditions, the thermal degradation of the PVC results in a two-stage process [8,9]. As the pyrolysis temperature is increased, it has been reported that the C-Cl bond in PVC is one of the first to break; which is due to the formation of long conjugated double bonds leading to the formation of polyene [10].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of process conditions on the formation of 2–4 ring polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons from the pyrolysis of polyvinyl chloride

Zhou

Onwudili

et al. 2016

Fuel Processing Technology

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Municipal solid waste (MSW) contains significant amounts of polyvinyl chloride (PVC). The reactivity of PVC may form polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) during the pyrolysis of MSW, which can become a key challenge during the development of pyrolysis technologies.However, there is very limited work in relation to the influence of pyrolysis process conditions in terms of temperature and heating rate on PAHs formation during pyrolysis of PVC. In this work, the formation of 2-4-ring PAHs from the pyrolysis of PVC at temperatures of 500, 600, 700, 800, or 900 °C and at fast and slow heating rates was investigated under a N2 atmosphere in a fixed bed reactor. With the increase of temperature from 500 to 900 °C, HCl yield decreased from 54.7 to 30.2 wt.%, while the yields of gases and PAHs in the tar increased. Slow pyrolysis generated higher HCl yield, and lower gas and tar yield than fast pyrolysis; the PAH yield obtained from the slow pyrolysis was much lower compared to fast pyrolysis. The results suggest that for fast pyrolysis, the dehydrochlorination of the PVC might be incomplete, resulting in the formation of chlorinated aromatic compounds.

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TG-FTIR analysis of PVC thermal degradation and HCl removal

Cited by 242 publications

References 30 publications

Degradação biológica do PVC em aterro sanitário e avaliação microbiológica

Degradação biológica do PVC em aterro sanitário e avaliação microbiológica

Effects of Alkali and Alkaline Earth Metals on N-Containing Species Release during Rice Straw Pyrolysis

Influence of process conditions on the formation of 2–4 ring polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons from the pyrolysis of polyvinyl chloride

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