Spike development in wheat is a complicated development process and determines the wheat propagation and survival. We report herein a proteomic study on the bread wheat mutant strain 5660M underlying spike development inhibition. A total of 121 differentially expressed proteins, which were involved in cold stress response, protein folding and assembly, cell-cycle regulation, scavenging of ROS, and the autonomous pathway were identified using MS/MS and database searching. We found that cold responsive proteins were highly expressed in the mutant in contrast to those expressed in the wild-type line. Particularly, the autonomous pathway protein FVE, which modulates flowering, was dramatically downregulated and closely related to the spike development inhibition phenotype of 5660M. A quantitative RT-PCR study demonstrated that the transcription of the FVE and other six genes in the autonomous pathway and downstream flowering regulators were all markedly downregulated. The results indicate that spike development of 5660M cannot complete the floral transition. FVE might play an important role in the spikes development of the wheat. Our results provide the theory basis for studying floral development and transition in the reproductive growth period, and further analysis of wheat yield formation.
The high molecular weight glutenin subunits (HMW-GS) can be used for wheat quality improvement. Two novel alleles (designated 1Dx1.5* and 1Dy12.2*, respectively) at the Glu-D1 locus were identified in the Chinese wheat landrace variety 'Jiuquanjinbaoyin' by comparison of subunit mobility with that previously identified in several standard hexaploid wheats. The 1Dx1.5* and 1Dy12.2* genes were isolated using the allele-specific PCR primers and the complete open reading frames (ORFs) were obtained. Allele 1Dx1.5* consists of 2487 bp encoding a mature protein of 827 amino acid residues, whereas 1Dy12.2* consists 1980 bp encoding 658 residues. Comparisons of amino acid sequences analysis showed that 1Dx1.5* had higher similarity with the HMW-GS isolated from the wheat related species (Aegilops tauchi Coss.) than from the bread wheat varieties (Triticum aestivum L.). The 1Dy12.2* amino acid sequence showed a generally similar to the 1Dy12* isolated from Chinese endemic wheats.
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