The incidence of tuberculosis was investigated among 3,251 patients residing in Nagasaki city and diagnosed as schizophrenia between 1960 and 1978. Eighty-two of the patients had tuberculosis. The expected number of schizophrenic patients with tuberculosis was calculated using the annual incidence rate of tuberculosis in the general population, and the difference between the observed number and the expected number was examined. The incidence rate of tuberculosis was signlflcantly higher than that of the general population for both male and female schizophrenic patients. Similarly, the incidence rates of tuberculosis among schizophrenic patients born before 1925 and those born after that year were significantly higher than those of the corresponding age groups in the general population. In this paper we discuss these findings with reference to the literature on similar epidemiological studies.
A study aimed at the standardization of symptom evaluation of patients with depression was carried out as the first step in an extensive collaborative study on affective disorders between centers in Nagasaki, Shanghai and Seoul. This study was initiated in order to clarify the factors affecting the low reported prevalence rates of depressive disorders in Asia. No significant difference in evaluation of psychiatric symptoms was observed between the 3 centers. Nevertheless, the diagnoses given by ICD-9 showed very interesting differences. For any given case, Nagasaki tended to make a diagnosis of an affective psychosis depression, while Shanghai made a diagnosis of neurotic disorder. No significant tendency was observed in the Seoul center. These findings are discussed in terms of their importance for future international collaborative studies.
: Continuous cultivation of CW2 cells (a human colorectal adenocarcinoma tumor cell) using a hollow fiber bioreactor was investigated for the production of carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) over 34 days. The CEA production rate increased with the increase in incubation time up to 20 days and was found to be approximately a constant value, 20 ng/cm2 day, after the incubation time of 20 days. The CEA production rate was known to vary in different cell lines. The CEA production rates were compared with those obtained in this study and in the literature using hollow fiber bioreactors. It was found that CW2 cells produced CEA moderately among those cell lines. The high cell density (9.1 X 10' cells/cmz) achieved in the hollow fiber bioreactor compared to the flask culture (4.0 X 105 cells/cm2) made it possible to obtain continuous high production of CEA over an extended time period.
This study investigated the course of negative symptoms by examining the psychiatric symptoms of 59 new schizophrenic patients at the first consultation and again two years later using a structured interview–the Present State Examination. An examination of the total score of the nine negative symptoms, included in the “Chronic Schizophrenic Syndrome” by Wing, showed that 27 out of the 59 patients (45.8%) had lower symptom scores two years later than they did at the first consultation (“negative symptom improvement” group), while 20 patients (33.9%) had higher scores two years after the first consultation (“negative symptom deterioration” group). There were 12% more patients in the improvement group than in the deterioration group. No significant differences were observed between the “improvement group” and “deterioration group” in relation to the following factors–subclassification of schizophrenia, mode of onset, age at the first consultation, marital status at the time of onset, academic history, employment status prior to the onset, the history of hospitalization after the onset and maintenance therapy of neuroleptics. In relation to psychiatric symptoms at the first consultation, the patients in the “improvement group” had a variety of symptoms compared to the patients in the “deterioration group,” and the presence of “incoherence of thought,”“delusion of reference” and “special features of depression” was significantly higher in the improvement group than in the deterioration group.
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