The neuroticism and extraversion scales were associated with health behaviours and BMI differently. The neuroticism scale, but not the extraversion scale, was strongly associated with higher perception of stress, poorer perceived health, and lower satisfaction with life in a Japanese population.

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The present study found a significant association between the subjects with the T/T genotype of MTHFR C677T polymorphism and the elevated risk of CKD, which may suggest the possibility of the risk evaluation and prevention of this potentially life-threatening disease based on genetic traits in the near future.

Aims/Introduction: This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to investigate the efficacy and safety of acceptance and commitment therapy (ACT) for people with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Materials and Methods: Several electronic databases were examined on 16 January 2021, including PubMed, CENTRAL, PsycINFO, International Clinical Trials Registry Platform and ClinicalTrials.gov. Randomized controlled trials were included to compare ACT with usual treatment for people with type 2 diabetes reported in any language. Primary outcome measures were glycated hemoglobin, self-care ability assessed by the summary of diabetes self-care activities and all adverse events. The secondary outcome measure was acceptance assessed by the acceptance and action diabetes questionnaire. Results: Of 678 publications initially identified, three trials were included in the metaanalysis. ACT resulted in a reduction in glycated hemoglobin (mean difference -0.62 points lower in the intervention group; 95% confidence interval -1.07 to -0.16; I 2 = 0%; low-quality evidence). In addition, ACT increased the score of the summary of diabetes self-care activities (mean difference 8.48 points higher in the intervention group; 95% confidence interval 2.16-14.80; high-quality evidence). Adverse events were not measured in all trials. ACT increased scores of the acceptance and action diabetes questionnaire (mean difference 5.98 points higher in the intervention group; 95% confidence interval, 1.42-10.54; I 2 = 43%; low-quality evidence). Conclusions: ACT might reduce glycated hemoglobin, and increase self-care ability and acceptance among people with type 2 diabetes.

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Purpose The association between metabolic syndrome (MetS) and the risk of death from cancer is still a controversial issue. The purpose of this study was to examine the associations of MetS and metabolically unhealthy obesity (MUHO) with cancer mortality in a Japanese population. Methods We used data from the Japan Multi-Institutional Collaborative Cohort Study. The study population consisted of 28,554 eligible subjects (14,103 men and 14,451 women) aged 35–69 years. MetS was diagnosed based on the criteria of the National Cholesterol Education Program Adult Treatment Panel III (NCEP-ATP III) and the Japan Society for the Study of Obesity (JASSO), using the body mass index instead of waist circumference. The Cox proportional hazards analysis was used to estimate adjusted hazard ratios (HR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) for total cancer mortality in relation to MetS and its components. Additionally, the associations of obesity and the metabolic health status with cancer mortality were examined. Results During an average 6.9-year follow-up, there were 192 deaths from cancer. The presence of MetS was significantly correlated with increased total cancer mortality when the JASSO criteria were used (HR = 1.51, 95% CI 1.04–2.21), but not when the NCEP-ATP III criteria were used (HR = 1.09, 95% CI 0.78–1.53). Metabolic risk factors, elevated fasting blood glucose, and MUHO were positively associated with cancer mortality (P <0.05). Conclusion MetS diagnosed using the JASSO criteria and MUHO were associated with an increased risk of total cancer mortality in the Japanese population.