Self-collimating phononic crystals (PCs) are periodic structures that enable self-collimation of waves. While various design parameters such as material property, period, lattice symmetry, and material distribution in a unit cell affect wave scattering inside a PC, this work aims to find an optimal material distribution in a unit cell that exhibits the desired selfcollimation properties. While earlier studies were mainly focused on the arrangement of self-collimating PCs or shape changes of inclusions in a unit cell having a specific topological layout, we present a topology optimization formulation to find a desired material distribution. Specifically, a finite element based formulation is set up to find the matrix and inclusion material distribution that can make elastic shear-horizontal bulk waves propagate along a desired target direction. The proposed topology optimization formulation newly employs the geometric properties of equi-frequency contours (EFCs) in the wave vector space as essential elements in forming objective and constraint functions. The sensitivities of these functions with respect to design variables are explicitly derived to utilize a gradient-based optimizer. To show the effectiveness of the formulation, several case studies are considered.
In this work, we report the 14.1-inch stretchable active-matrix organic light-emitting diodes (AMOLED) display, featuring multi curvatures which allowed convex or concave type. There were lots of technological innovations such as a unique pixel structure, fabrication on patterned stretchable substrate, and three dimensional forming process. Regardless of its promising potentials, they still have several remaining issues which should be resolved in the near future. In this paper, we will discuss on several strategies to make improvements. Finally, we demonstrate the newly designed 14.1-inch stretchable AMOLED display.
In an anisotropic acoustic metamaterial, the off-diagonal components of its effective mass density tensor should be considered in order to describe the anisotropic behavior produced by arbitrarily shaped inclusions. However, few studies have been carried out to characterize anisotropic acoustic metamaterials. In this paper, we propose a method that uses the non-diagonal effective mass density tensor to determine the behavior of anisotropic acoustic metamaterials. Our method accurately evaluates the effective properties of anisotropic acoustic metamaterials by separately dealing with slabs made of single and multiple unit cells along the thickness direction. To determine the effective properties, the reflection and transmission coefficients of an acoustic metamaterial slab are calculated, and then the wave vectors inside of the slab are determined using these coefficients. The effective material properties are finally determined by utilizing the spatial dispersion relation of the anisotropic acoustic metamaterial. Since the dispersion relation of an anisotropic acoustic metamaterial is explicitly used, its effective properties can be easily determined by only using a limited number of normal and oblique plane wave incidences into a metamaterial slab, unlike existing approaches requiring a large number of wave incidences. The validity of the proposed method is verified by conducting wave simulations for anisotropic acoustic metamaterial slabs with Z-shaped elastic inclusions of tilted principal material axes.
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