Fifteen new and rare iridoid glucoside dimers, cornusides A-O (1-15), and 10 known iridoid glucosides (16-25) were isolated from the fruit of Cornus officinalis. These new chemical structures were established through spectroscopic analysis (UV, IR, HRESIMS, 1D and 2D NMR). Compounds 1-25 were tested for their inhibitory activities by measuring IL-6-induced STAT3 promoter activity in HepG2 cells, and 3, 12, 17, 22, and 23 showed inhibitory effects, with IC values of 11.9, 12.2, 14.0, 7.0, and 6.9 μM, respectively.
Fischernolides A–D (1–4), representing the rare 28-carbon meroterpenoid skeleton of abietane and an acylphloroglucinol conjugate, bearing an α-furanone or α-pyrone ring, were isolated and identified from the roots of Euphorbia fischeriana.
Corni fructus, the fruit of
Cornus officinalis
Sieb. et Zucc., has been used as a tonic for the kidney in China for thousands of years. Loganin is one of the major constituents derived from Corni fructus. In this study, we revealed the sedative and hypnotic activity of loganin and investigated its mechanisms for the first time. Pentobarbital-induced sleep test and insomnia mice models [induced by caffeine and p-chlorophenylalanine (PCPA)] were used for the assessment of sedative and hypnotic effects of loganin. It was found that loganin (20–50 mg/kg) exerted sedative effect in normal mice. Loganin exhibited hypnotic effect by increasing sleep onset and sleep duration in pentobarbital-treated mice, recovering PCPA-induced insomnia and exerting synergistic hypnosis effect with 5-HTP. In addition, electroencephalograph (EEG) and electromyography (EMG) recordings of rats showed that loganin (35 mg/kg) prolonged the ratio of non-rapid eye movement (NREM) sleep and shortened wakefulness significantly, further immunohistochemistry showed that loganin (35 mg/kg) increased c-Fos expression in GABAergic neurons of rats in the ventrolateral preoptic nucleus (VLPO). The levels of norepinephrine (NE), dopamine (DA), serotonin (5-HT) and its metabolite were measured in the hippocampus, prefrontal cortex and striatum of mice, 1 h after loganin (35 mg/kg) treatment. 5-HT, 5-HIAA/5-HT, DA, and DOPAC were decreased significantly in the prefrontal cortex. In conclusion, these results indicated that loganin produced beneficial sedative and hypnotic activity, which might be mainly mediated by modification of the serotonergic system and GABAergic neurons.
Enhanced recovery after surgery programs applied to patients undergoing hepatectomy can safely and effectively relieve stress response, reduce the incidence of complications, improve patient satisfaction, accelerate patient recovery, reduce financial burden, and bring economic benefits.
Three pairs of dimeric phenylpropanoyl–phloroglucinol
enantiomers,
(+)- and (−)-xanthchrysones A–C [(+)- and (−)-1–3], as well as their postulated biosynthetic precursors,
were isolated and identified from the leaves of Xanthostemon
chrysanthus. Compound 1 featured an unprecedented
bis-phenylpropanoyl-benzo[b]cyclopent[e] oxepine tricyclic backbone. Compounds 2 and 3 represent the first examples of 1-(cyclopentylmethyl)-3-(3-phenylpropanoyl)benzene
scaffold. The structures and absolute configurations of 1–3 were determined by spectroscopic and X-ray
diffraction analysis as well as electronic circular dichroism (ECD)
calculation. Both (+)-2 and (−)-2 showed moderate antibacterial activities including several multidrug-resistant
strains.
Five new ent-abietane diterpenoid fischeriabietanes A–E (1–5), along with nine known analogues (6–14), were isolated from the roots of Euphorbia fischeriana and their biosynthetic relationships were discussed.
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