The first cases of the COVID-19 disease were identified in late 2019 in China, but it didnt take long for it to become pandemic. At first, it was believed that it was restricted to respiratory symptoms only, until extrapulmonary manifestations were reported worldwide. Acute pancreatitis concomitant with the diagnosis of SARS-CoV-2 infection has been observed in some patients, in the absence of the most common etiologies described in the literature. It is postulated that the presence of the ECA-2 viral receptor in the pancreas is responsible for the direct cellular damage and that the hyperinflammatory state of COVID-19 favors the development of pancreatitis through an immune-mediated mechanism. This study aimed to analyze the correlation between acute pancreatitis and COVID-19 disease as a probable causality factor. An integrative literature review was carried out, including studies published between January 2020 and December 2022 that brought data on patients diagnosed with acute pancreatitis according to the revised Atlanta Classification with a confirmed diagnosis of COVID-19 in the same period. A total of thirty studies were reviewed. Demographic, clinical, laboratory and imaging aspects were analyzed and discussed. It is believed that SARS-CoV-2 was responsible for the development of acute pancreatitis in these patients, due to the absence of other precipitating risk factors, as well as the close temporal relationship between both. Attention should be given to gastrointestinal manifestations in patients affected by COVID-19.
The novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has spread rapidly around the world after the first cases were reported in December 2019 in China. Despite the prevention of the symptoms presented, extrapulmonary manifestations were identified. In particular, there was an increase in cases of Acute Mesenteric Ischemia (AMI), raising its incidence to 1.9%-3.8% in infected patients. The aim of this study was to investigate the existence of an association between IMA and COVID-19 through the literature. An Integrative Literature Review was carried out. The research question was “mesenteric ischemia in patients with COVID-19: coincidence or association?”. After searching the database and applying the inclusion and exclusion criteria, 44 were selected for analysis. COVID-19 was confirmed by RT-PCR and imaging tests, gastrointestinal manifestations, alterations and primarily tomographic imaging findings were identified. Most patients were accelerated to laparotomy. As explanations include direct endothelial and injury by the binding of the ACE-2 virus, between hyperinflammation and hypercoagulability, dysregulation of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system and factors associated with the severity of the virus. IMA is an emergency with high associated morbidity and mortality, these cases may be a consequence mainly of the thromboinflammatory mechanism associated with SARS-CoV-2. An early diagnosis, diagnosis and diagnoses are crucial to clinical treatment; an assessment regime should be considered in accordance with current evidence and guidelines.
RESUMO Os primeiros casos da doença COVID-19 foram identificados no final de 2019 na China, mas não foi necessário muito tempo para que se tornasse pandêmica. Acreditava-se, a princípio, que ela fosse restrita apenas a sintomas respiratórios, até que manifestações extrapulmonares fossem mundialmente relatadas. Quadros de pancreatite aguda concomitantes ao diagnóstico de infecção por SARS-CoV-2 vêm sendo observados em alguns pacientes, na ausência das etiologias mais comuns descritas na literatura. Postula-se que a presença do receptor viral ECA-2 no pâncreas seja responsável pelo dano celular direto e que o estado hiperinflamatório da COVID-19 favoreça o desenvolvimento da pancreatite por mecanismo imunomediado. Este estudo teve como objetivo analisar a correlação entre pancreatite aguda e a doença COVID-19 como um provável fator de causalidade. Realizou-se uma revisão integrativa da literatura, foram incluídos estudos publicados entre janeiro de 2020 e dezembro de 2022 que trouxessem dados acerca de pacientes diagnosticados com pancreatite aguda conforme a Classificação de Atlanta revisada com diagnóstico confirmado de COVID-19 no mesmo período. Um total de trinta estudos foram revisados. Aspectos demográficos, clínicos, laboratoriais e de imagem foram analisados e discutidos. Acredita-se que o SARS-CoV-2 foi o responsável pelo desenvolvimento de pancreatite aguda nestes pacientes, devido à ausência de demais fatores de risco precipitantes, bem como à estreita relação temporal entre ambos. Uma atenção deve ser dada às manifestações gastrointestinais em pacientes acometidos pela COVID-19.
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