de capital escravista-mercantil. Trata-se de uma forma específica de existência do capital, diversa do capital comercial, usurário e industrial, cuja fórmula e propriedades principais encontram-se aqui expostas. Busca-se, ademais, aquilatar as principais conseqüências, do ponto de vista teórico e empírico, da existência desta forma particular de capital para a economia e sociedade brasileiras, estabelecendose um debate com a historiografia pertinente.ABSTRACT -THE CONCEPT of slave-mercantile capital is proposed in this article as a way to understand in greater depth the Brazilian economic formation during the colonial and imperial periods. It consists of a specific form of existence of capital, different from commercial, industrial and usury capital, whose formula and main properties are presented here. Moreover, in this paper is tried to appraise the major consequences of the existence of this particular form of capital for Brazilian economy and society, from theoretical and empirical points of view, establishing a debate with the relevant historical literature.
Resumo: A pesquisa analisou a evolução histórica do trabalho na América Latina e as condições atuais em que ele é realizado em face da globalização. A forma como o trabalho é exercido nos diferentes períodos históricos pode explicar as condições nas quais os direitos humanos são respeitados ou não. Baseada na análise bibliográfica, esta investigação apontou que, no caso da América Latina, a condição atual do trabalho assalariado é reflexo de seu passado de colônia de exploração, ancorada numa economia agrário-exportadora. Esta situação impactou na conformação do mercado de trabalho dos países latino-americanos ao longo do tempo até a atualidade.Palavras-chave: trabalho humano; América Latina; capitalismo.
Abstract:The research analyzed the historical evolution of work in Latin America and the current conditions in which it is carried out in the face of globalization. The way the work is carried out in different historical periods may explain the conditions under which human rights are respected or not. Based on the literature review, this research pointed out that in the case of Latin America, the current condition of wage labor is a reflection of its past mining colony, founded on an agricultural -exporting economy. This impact in shaping the labor market of Latin American countries over time until today.
This article offers a critical analysis of scholarship produced about Brazil's Banco Nacional de Desenvolvimento Econômico e Social (BNDES) since its founding, in 1952, to 2013. BNDES has performed an important, if changing and sometimes controversial, role in Brazil's economic development over the past 60 years, especially as provider of long-term finance. This analysis of almost 1,000 texts highlights discussions about its initial organisation and mission and how the role and activities of the bank changed over time, guided by turbulent national political and economic contexts. In spite of the bank's institutional importance, however, the literature is more narrative than analytical and of limited scholarly impact, dominated as it is by the bank's authorship. We argue for independent, evidence-driven, critical analyses of the effectiveness of this important institution in promoting Brazil's economic and social development.
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