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Measured fission cross sections for π + and π − beams of 150 MeV on isotopically separated targets near A=208 show a smooth dependence of the fission probability on the target mass, without any indication of the increased fission barriers expected for fission at low excitation near doubly magic 208 Pb. Extraction of fission barriers from these data is attempted for a range of possible excitation energies, finding that these barriers are near 8 MeV near A=208, without much sensitivity to the assumed excitation energy.

The implementation of CV-28 cyclotron in 1974 at Institute of Nuclear Engineering (IEN/CNEN) at the time represented a milestone in application of particle accelerators in Brazil. After a long period of activities, in 2021 the production of radiopharmaceuticals from the CV-28 stopped, since its facilities no longer met the new requirements of Good Manufacturing Practices. This work aims to dimension the contribution of the CV-28 cyclotron in the production of radioisotopes and radiopharmaceuticals for the country during its period of validity, as well as to present application of this accelerator for new research, and to describe the basic principles of the nuclear techniques based on accelerator that will be implement in the IEN/CNEN. The 123 I is highlighted due to the level of its demand, and the fact that IEN was the exclusive supplier of 123 I-NaI and meta-iodine-benzylguanidine ( 123 I-MIBG) radiopharmaceuticals to hospital and clinics in Brazil, for a long period. From now on, the CV-28 will be used for basic research; development of new radioisotopes applied in nuclear medicine; and in the application of nuclear techniques in industry, cultural heritage, and ecosystem preservation. Important research is foreseen with the use of CV-28, which is the only accelerator able to produce alpha-particle beams in Brazil. One of the priorities is to develop the Astatine-211 production through 209 Bi(α,p) 211 At reaction for medical applications, and Xenon-127 through 127 I(p,n) 127 Xe reaction for industrial application. Academical studies will also be performed for using target materials as 93 Nb and 59 Ni, in order to check nuclear data parameters and possible applications. In addition, for the use of nuclear techniques of non-destructive material analysis using cyclotron, the priority is the implementation of Particle Induced X-rays Emission (PIXE), Particle Induced Gamma-ray Emission (PIGE), Rutherford Backscattering (RBS) and Elastic Recoil Detection Analysis (ERDA) techniques.

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The implementation of CV-28 cyclotron in 1974 at Institute of Nuclear Engineering (IEN/CNEN) at the time represented a milestone in application of particle accelerators in Brazil. After a long period of activities, in 2021 the production of radiopharmaceuticals from the CV-28 stopped, since its facilities no longer met the new requirements of Good Manufacturing Practices. This work aims to dimension the contribution of the CV-28 cyclotron in the production of radioisotopes and radiopharmaceuticals for the country during its period of validity, as well as to present application of this accelerator for new research, and to describe the basic principles of the nuclear techniques based on accelerator that will be implement in the IEN/CNEN. The 123 I is highlighted due to the level of its demand, and the fact that IEN was the exclusive supplier of 123 I-NaI and meta-iodine-benzylguanidine ( 123 I-MIBG) radiopharmaceuticals to hospital and clinics in Brazil, for a long period. From now on, the CV-28 will be used for basic research; development of new radioisotopes applied in nuclear medicine; and in the application of nuclear techniques in industry, cultural heritage, and ecosystem preservation. Important research is foreseen with the use of CV-28, which is the only accelerator able to produce alpha-particle beams in Brazil. One of the priorities is to develop the Astatine-211 production through 209 Bi(α,p) 211 At reaction for medical applications, and Xenon-127 through 127 I(p,n) 127 Xe reaction for industrial application. Academical studies will also be performed for using target materials as 93 Nb and 59 Ni, in order to check nuclear data parameters and possible applications. In addition, for the use of nuclear techniques of non-destructive material analysis using cyclotron, the priority is the implementation of Particle Induced X-rays Emission (PIXE), Particle Induced Gamma-ray Emission (PIGE), Rutherford Backscattering (RBS) and Elastic Recoil Detection Analysis (ERDA) techniques.

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