Accelerator Facility at Ien for Research and Applications of Nuclear Techniques

Abstract

The implementation of CV-28 cyclotron in 1974 at Institute of Nuclear Engineering (IEN/CNEN) at the time represented a milestone in application of particle accelerators in Brazil. After a long period of activities, in 2021 the production of radiopharmaceuticals from the CV-28 stopped, since its facilities no longer met the new requirements of Good Manufacturing Practices. This work aims to dimension the contribution of the CV-28 cyclotron in the production of radioisotopes and radiopharmaceuticals for the country during its period of validity, as well as to present application of this accelerator for new research, and to describe the basic principles of the nuclear techniques based on accelerator that will be implement in the IEN/CNEN. The 123 I is highlighted due to the level of its demand, and the fact that IEN was the exclusive supplier of 123 I-NaI and meta-iodine-benzylguanidine ( 123 I-MIBG) radiopharmaceuticals to hospital and clinics in Brazil, for a long period. From now on, the CV-28 will be used for basic research; development of new radioisotopes applied in nuclear medicine; and in the application of nuclear techniques in industry, cultural heritage, and ecosystem preservation. Important research is foreseen with the use of CV-28, which is the only accelerator able to produce alpha-particle beams in Brazil. One of the priorities is to develop the Astatine-211 production through 209 Bi(α,p) 211 At reaction for medical applications, and Xenon-127 through 127 I(p,n) 127 Xe reaction for industrial application. Academical studies will also be performed for using target materials as 93 Nb and 59 Ni, in order to check nuclear data parameters and possible applications. In addition, for the use of nuclear techniques of non-destructive material analysis using cyclotron, the priority is the implementation of Particle Induced X-rays Emission (PIXE), Particle Induced Gamma-ray Emission (PIGE), Rutherford Backscattering (RBS) and Elastic Recoil Detection Analysis (ERDA) techniques.

Deep Learning-Ready Voxel Representation of Protein-Ligand Complexes from an Enhanced PBDbind v.2020 Dataset

“…NumPy (https://numpy.org/) is a very popular scientific computing Python library. To load the data into memory, one can use the code snippet provided in the Jupyter Notebook file named "train.ipynb", inside the "notebooks" folder of the source code repository 61 . The voxel grid arrays can be directly used for computational tasks such as training deep learning models.…”

“…The Jupyter Notebook file called "generate_voxel_dataset.ipynb", available inside the "notebooks" folder of the source code repository 61 , provides an example of how to generate the voxel representation used in this work. DockTGrid uses PyTorch (https://pytorch.org/), a popular open-source deep learning library, to generate the voxel representations using GPU, if available.…”

“…The script named "generate_voxel_dataset.py", inside the "scripts" folder of the source code 61 was used to generate the entire voxel dataset available in this work. The command line parameters of the script are described inside the "voxel.conf" file, as depicted in Fig.…”

Repercussões das Infecções Sexualmente Transmissíveis (IST’s) na odontologia

“…Essas infecções podem resultar em sequelas reprodutivas de longo prazo, como infertilidade, complicações durante a gravidez, aumento do risco de contrair o HIV e câncer. Além disso, algumas ISTs podem ser assintomáticas, o que dificulta o diagnóstico precoce (1) . Diante desses aspectos, é crucial adotar uma abordagem e tratamento adequados para o manejo das ISTs.…”

“…Diante desses aspectos, é crucial adotar uma abordagem e tratamento adequados para o manejo das ISTs. No entanto, as taxas de infecção provavelmente subestimam o verdadeiro impacto, devido à subnotificação e à predominância de casos assintomáticos (1,2) . Todas as pessoas estão em risco de contrair uma IST, embora haja uma prevalência significativa entre jovens, indivíduos homossexuais e minorias raciais e étnicas.…”