Considering the broad potential of the genus Cymbopogon, here we present a systematic literature survey on it’s antimicrobial potential. This is a review, articles from the Scielo and PubMed platforms. The articles surveyed were published between 2015 and 2020, with the theme of microbiology, including ethnobotanical studies, literature reviews, in vitro, in vivo, reports of clinical trials. Works outside the selected period, duplicate articles, and those only reporting infections of plants by the microorganism were excluded. 98 studies were selected, 74% found in PubMed and 26% in Scielo. Of this total, 21% were ethnobotanical/ethnopharmacology or literature reviews, most of them reporting the use of infusions of the species C. citratus (DC.) Stapf. Moreover, in 57% of the studies, survey respondents did not report antimicrobial use. In relation to 79% of the experimental studies, it was observed that 77% reported total inhibition of microbial growth, 3% indicated moderate growth inhibition, 4% low growth inhibition and 5% reported no inhibition. Among the microbial species analyzed were Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Borrelia burgdorferi, Candida albicans, Salmonella enterica and Saccharomyces cerevisiae. In addition, 5% of the articles reported antiviral activity, 5% parasitic control, 1% preventive action against contamination by mesophilic microorganisms. Although the population is not aware of the antimicrobial activity of Cymbopogon sp., studies have demonstrated its antimicrobial potential, thus the extracts of this genus can be an alternative for use in folk medicine as well as a source of new drugs with antimicrobial action.
Polar extracts of Tapirira guianensis Aubl. were prepared for evaluation of biological activities. Identification and quantification of phenolic compounds, antioxidant activity, inhibition of acetylcholinesterase enzyme and antifungal potential were performed in all extracts. High contents of total phenols were detected in the ethanolic and aqueous extracts of the leaves (237.10±5.39 mg EAG/g and 346.46±5.67 mg EAG) respectively. The same extracts had a free radical scavenging potential by both DPPH and ABTS+ methods. Ethanolic extract of the leaves with IC50= 15.06±0.02 µg/mL and 16.49±0.01µg/mL) and aqueous extracts (11.54±0.01 µg/mL and 15.14±0.02 µg/mL respectively. In the study by high-performance liquid chromatography the phenolic substances were recorded: gallic acid, rutin, ellagic acid, quercetin and apigenin in the leaves and gallic acid and quercetin in the stem bark. Ethanolic and aqueous extracts of the leaves and stem bark showed high potency of inhibiting the enzyme acetylcholinesterase, with IC50 values = 13.94±0.02 µg/mL, 13.69±0.08 µg/mL and 14.79±0.20 µg/mL respectively. The aqueous extract of the leaves showed anti-Candida action against all four strains of the microorganism. The in silico studies evidenced that all the ligands analyzed presented interaction with the SAP5 protein highlighting the ellagic acid, the rutin and the quercetin. With these results, the activities previously reported for the species T. guianensis are confirmed, highlighting the polar extracts, mainly aqueous as a source of antioxidant, acetylcholinesterase inhibitor and antifungal substances.
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