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This study tested the hypothesis that short-term memory (STM) capacity moderates the effect of social deviance on alcohol problems. Personality, cognitive ability, and alcohol use and abuse were assessed in the adult offspring of alcoholics (FHPs; n = 153) and the adult offspring of nonalcoholics (FHNs; n = 150). The results revealed that STM capacity moderated the effect of social deviance on alcohol problems, independent of intelligence. High social deviance and high-STM participants had fewer alcohol problems than did high social deviance and low-STM participants. Intelligence also moderated the effect of social deviance on alcohol problems in the same way, independent of STM capacity. FHPs had lower IQs, lower verbal ability, and more response perseveration than FHNs. The results suggest that working memory capacity moderates the risk for alcoholism associated with disinhibited traits.

Eight hundred school psychologists who were members of the National Association of School Psychologists were mailed a survey designed to assess their roles, types of referrals, consultation practices, and crisis team involvement. Three hundred seventy (49%) completed surveys were analyzed. Assessment was the most common role followed distantly by consultation. Academic problems were the most frequent type of referral with reading being the most common concern. Of the behavioral referrals, externalizing problems were more frequent than internalizing concerns. Behavioral consultation was the most common model used but less than half of respondents follow all of the stages. Only forty percent use an evaluative component in consultation. A majority of the informants had some involvement with their schools' crisis team. Implications of these findings for training, professional development, and future roles are discussed. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.School psychology needs to maintain an ongoing data base specific to professional practices (Reschly & Wilson, 1995). Periodic updates of this information are essential in planning for training, professional development, research, and role change. Surveys of school psychologists have explored a wide range of professional issues including job satisfaction (Anderson, Hohenshil, & Brown, 1984), preferences for specific job functions (Smith & Lyon, 1985), assessment practices (Stinnett, Havey, & Oehler-Stinnett, 1994), involvement in peer support groups (Zins & Murphy, 1996), participation in various service activities (Ramage, 1979), and actual time engagement in specific roles and functions (Benson & Hughes, 1985;Lacayo, Sherwood, & Morris, 1981;Nastasi, Varjas, Bernstein, & Pluymert, 1998;Reschly & Wilson, 1995;Smith, 1984).The amount of time that school psychologists allocate to different service activities reveal some consistent patterns. Assessment has remained the dominant role of practitioners with approximately half of the school psychologist's time spent in these activities (Benson & Hughes, 1985;Reschly & Wilson, 1995;Stinnett et al. 1994). Despite the prominent role that consultation has been awarded in the professional literature and training of school psychologists (e.g., Bramlett & Murphy, 1998) there does not appear to be substantial evidence reflecting a recent increase in consultation (Reschly & Wilson, 1995). In surveys by Benson and Hughes (1985), Lacayo et al., (1981), Smith (1984, Smith andLyon (1985), andStinnett et al., (1994) school psychologists spent between 18% and 25% of their time engaged in consultation. Although consultation is routinely included in surveys developed to assess professional roles and functions, no information appears to be available on school psychologists' use of specific consultation models (e.g., behavioral, mental health, etc.).Intervention and prevention are two professional roles which have been advocated as important roles of school psychologists as part of the problem-solving process (Gutkin & Curtis, 1999). Reschly and ...

Ultrasonic guided wave imaging with a sparse, or spatially distributed, array can detect and localize damage over large areas. Conventional delay-and-sum images from such an array typically have a relatively high noise floor, however, and contain artifacts that often cannot be discriminated from damage. Considered here is minimum variance distortionless response (MVDR) imaging, which is a variation of delay-and-sum imaging whereby weighting coefficients are adaptively computed at each pixel location. Utilization of MVDR significantly improves image quality compared with delay-and-sum imaging, and additional improvements are obtained from incorporation of a priori scattering information in the MVDR method, use of phase information, and instantaneous windowing. Simulated data from a through-hole scatterer are used to illustrate performance improvements, and a performance metric is proposed that allows for quantitative comparisons of images from a known scatterer. Experimental results from a through-hole scatterer are also provided that illustrate imaging efficacy.

Small, concentric loops placed around the burr hole seem to reduce MRI-related heating for these implants. Although the mechanism is still not fully understood, a device such as that used in the present study could permit a wider range of clinical scanning sequences to be used at 1.5 and 3 T in patients with DBS implants, in addition to increasing the margin of safety for the patient.

In the United Kingdom there has been growing unease over standards of care and treatment in acute inpatient psychiatric services. Although recent reforms have declared nurses as pivotal to the social transformation required, few accounts inform modernisers about the reality of social systems, relations, and events in modern acute psychiatric services. This qualitative study explores the situation of nurses working in acute inpatient psychiatric services. It particularly describes the social control elements that continue to influence working norms. Five nurses were interviewed and texts of these interviews were transcribed and analysed using content analysis. As a further source of data, documents were interpreted to illuminate social mechanisms. Issues of objectivity, validity, and reliability were considered throughout. Ethical issues were considered throughout and approval for the study was gained from the appropriate Research Ethics Committee. Social control functions portrayed by day-to-day rituals and operating norms emerged as a central theme in the findings. Social control is a prominent working norm. This is described through activities of observation, surveillance, and managing "difficult" behaviours. Therapeutic relationships present as a paradox to the control assumed. Implications of these findings are discussed.

An amorphous alumina formed by partial dehydration of gibbsite is characterized by observation and simulation of the central and satellite transitions of 27Al magic angle spinning Nh4R spectra. The improved resolution of the Mod, AlOs, and A106 sites in the (f3/2, f ' / 2 ) transitions allows the individual sideband manifolds to be simulated so that the NMR interaction parameters and the distribution of the quadrupolar interaction of each coordination can be deduced. Based on these parameters, simulation of the centerband provides the most accurate information to date on the distribution of aluminum between the three coordinations in an amorphous alumina.

Education may change Hispanic women's knowledge and beliefs about breast cancer. An intervention designed and implemented by nurses can play a significant role in meeting the strong need for culturally sensitive and linguistically appropriate breast cancer educational programs for Hispanic women. Such programs should focus on helping Hispanic women understand their personal risks related to breast cancer and reduce barriers they perceive to early screening and detection.