Tobacco plants transformed with the RNA polymerase (RdRp) gene of potato virus X (PVX) that are extremely resistant to infection by potato virus X have previously been described. The PVX‐resistant plants accumulated the RdRp protein at a lower level than fully susceptible plants transformed with the same RdRp construct. In this paper the difference between the PVX‐resistant and susceptible transformed plants is investigated and it is demonstrated that there are three associated phenotypes of the RdRp transgene that vary in parallel between transformed lines. These phenotypes are: accumulation of the transgenic RdRp RNA at a low level; strain‐specific resistance to PVX; and the ability of the transgene to trans‐inactivate homologous transgenes. This gene‐silencing potential of the transgenes conferring PVX resistance was illustrated by analysis of progeny from a cross between a transformant that was extremely resistant to PVX and a second PVX‐susceptible transformant. In other transformants, in which the resistance was less extreme, the same three phenotypes were associated but in a transgene dosage‐dependent manner. The same association of strain‐specific resistance and low‐level accumulation of the transgenic RdRp RNA was observed with plants that were transformed with mutant or wild‐type versions of the RdRp gene. Strain‐specific resistance was also produced in plants transformed with untranslatable versions of the RdRp transgene. Based on these data it is proposed that homology‐dependent gene silencing and transgenic resistance to PVX may be due to the same RNA‐based mechanism. An undefined genomic feature is proposed to account for the variation in the resistance and trans‐inactivation phenotypes of different transformants. It is further proposed that this genome feature influences a cytoplasmic mechanism that degrades RNA with sequence homology to the silencing transgene.
Over the past several decades, researchers have taken an interest in theatre as a unique method of analysing data and translating findings. Because of its ability to communicate research findings in an emotive and embodied manner, theatre holds particular potential for health research, which often engages complex questions of the human condition. In order to evaluate the research potential of theatre, this article critically examines examples of evaluated health research studies that have used theatre for the purposes of data analysis or translation. We examine these studies from two perspectives. First, the literature is divided and categorized into four theatre genres: (1) non-theatrical performances; (2) ethnodramas, which can be interactive or non-interactive; (3) theatrical research-based performances; and (4) fictional theatrical performances. This categorization highlights the importance of these genres of theatre and provides an analysis of the benefits and disadvantages of each, thus providing insight into how theatre may be most effectively utilized in health research. Second, we explore the efficacy of using theatre for the purposes of data analysis and knowledge transfer, and critically examine potential approaches to the evaluation of such endeavours.
Routine physical and psychological distress screening is possible within regional cancer centres. Although considerable effort and investment is required, it is worthwhile as it helps create a culture that is more patient-centered.
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