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The objective of this study is to describe the ethnoecological aspects, valorization, and commercialization of target species caught by artisanal fishers on the northern coast of Rio de Janeiro, southeastern Brazil. The data were obtained through semi-structured interviews conducted with 60 fishers from the fishing community of Guaxindiba (21°29'S, 41°00'W), which is associated with the Z-1 fishers' colony. Eighty-nine species were cited by the fishers and 44.1% are important commercial fish in the region. The fishers cited five distinct zones used to fish: border zone (68 species), estuary (41 spp.), artificial reef (27 spp.), "malacacheta" (24 spp.), and open ocean (10 spp.). The fishery resources were classified according to their gastronomic and economic characteristics: primary fish (35 spp.), secondary fish (32 spp.), mixed fish (10 spp.), discarded fish (7 spp.), and fish used as bait (5 spp.). The price of the target species increases along the production chain due to the greater number of people involved, processing costs, and improvement of the product. The data from this study can contribute to local fisheries management and point out to the use of artificial reefs in the maintenance of fishery resources in northern Rio de Janeiro.

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Seeds of Rhizophora mangle L. were planted and comparatively assessed in six mangroves of Todos os Santos Bay, Bahia, Brazil. Five of the mangroves were on the north of the bay, an area under the in¯uence of oil activities: two areas around the Landulpho Alves Re®nery in Mataripe, and in Madre de Deus Island, Pati Island, and Fontes Island. The control site was a mangrove located on the south of the bay at Jiribatuba on Itaparica Island. In January and March, 1994, 1995 and 1998, sets of seeds were established and distributed in a pattern at regular intervals of 0.1, 0.5 and 1.0 m from one another. Every 3 months, the seedlings were assessed for ®xation, height, number of lateral branches, surface area and wet and dry weight of leaves. During 1998, ®ve individual seedlings were removed for biomass determination every 6 months. All variables were co-related with environmental conditions. After 12 months, a signi®cant growth pattern difference p , 0:05 was noted between seedlings from the mangrove around the re®nery and those from Jiribatuba, mainly related to the rates of ®xation higher than 50% and growth of leaves and precocious lateral branches to the two most impacted mangroves around the re®nery, and Madre de Deus and Pati Islands. This branching was not observed on the seedlings grown in the mangroves of Fontes Island and Jiribatuba. The construction of an ef¯uent emission channel into one of the mangrove area from the re®nery began in 1998. One hundred and twenty-®ve seedlings 1 yr in age and other young plants died following direct contact with these ef¯uents in February, 1999. Published by Elsevier Science Ltd on behalf of AEHMS.

Resumo -Este trabalho teve como objetivo analisar o conhecimento da flora madeireira por especialistas em quatro comunidades rurais da região agreste de Sergipe. A coleta de dados ocorreu por meio da utilização de entrevistas semiestruturadas, turnê-guiada e coleta de plantas para registro botânico. As espécies madeireiras foram classificadas em quatro categorias, de acordo com o uso atribuído pelos 31 especialistas entrevistados: combustível, construção, tecnológico e outros. Foram identificadas 126 espécies distribuídas em 95 gêneros e 38 famílias, sendo 84% nativas da Mata Atlântica e 16% exóticas. Na categoria combustível, observou-se o maior número de citações, com 120 espécies, equivalente a 95% de todas as citações, distribuídas nas subcategorias: casa de farinha (76 espécies utilizadas), uso doméstico (48), e para comercialização (4). Na categoria construção, foram citadas 62 espécies; das quais, 49 se enquadraram na subcategoria construção civil, sendo utilizadas como peças, caibros e vigas, e 23 se enquadraram na subcategoria construção rural, sendo utilizadas em currais, cercas e cancelas. Para a categoria tecnologia, foram citadas 48 espécies, distribuídas em quatro subcategorias: utensílio (26), transporte (3), ferramenta (11) e outras tecnologias (16). Na categoria outros usos, duas espécies se enquadram em uso ornamental e uma em uso cultural. Constatou-se que os especialistas detêm um conhecimento amplo quanto ao uso de espécies madeireiras e utilizam critérios de seletividade, tais como qualidade, peso, odor, sazonalidade e aspectos religiosos. Palavras-chave adicionais: comunidades rurais, conhecimento popular, recursos madeireiros.Abstract (Knowledge and use of the timber flora by local experts from the agreste region of Sergipe) -This work presents a study about use and knowledge of the flora in forest fragments used by local experts from communities in the agreste region of Sergipe. Data was collected using semi-structured interviews, performance-guided tours, and by harvesting plants for the floristic inventory. The timber species were classified into four categories according to the use given by the 31 local experts interviewed: fuel, wood, construction and other. A total of 126 species, 95 genera and 38 families were identified; 84% of them are native to the Atlantic Forest and 16% exotic. The fuel category presented the largest number of records, with 120 species, representing 95% of all records, divided into subcategories: flour (with 76 species used), household use (48), and commercial (4). Under construction, 62 species were cited; amongst which, 49 belong to the subcategory building construction, being used as parts, rafters and joists, and 23 species fit in the subcategory rural construction, being used in corrals or pens, fences and gates. Under technology, 48 species were cited, divided into four subcategories: utensils (26), transport (3), tools (11) and other technologies (16). In the category 'other uses', two species were used as ornamentals and one in cultural use. The expert...