Desenvolvimento do limão ‘Cravo’ em função do volume de irrigação Francisco de Assis Alves Mourão Filho1; Juliano Gullo de Salvo1; Carmello Crisafulli Machado2; Rubens Duarte Coelho2; Sônia Maria de Stefano Piedade3; Christiano César Dibbern Graf4[1] Departamento de Produção Vegetal, Universidade de São Paulo, Escola Superior de Agricultura Luiz de Queiroz, Piracicaba, SP, famourao@esalq.usp.br 2 Departamento de Engenharia Rural, Universidade de São Paulo, Escola Superior de Agricultura Luiz de Queiroz, Piracicaba, SP3 Departamento de Ciências Exatas, Universidade de São Paulo, Escola Superior de Agricultura Luiz de Queiroz, Piracicaba, SP4Citrograf Mudas, Conchal, SP 1 Resumo A adoção de métodos de produção de mudas em ambiente protegido foi intensificada nos últimos anos para garantir qualidade genética e sanidade do material propagativo de citros, em especial no Estado de São Paulo. Buscou-se determinar o crescimento vegetativo do porta-enxerto limão ‘Cravo’ até o ponto de enxertia em função do volume de água de irrigação, bem como, avaliar o manejo da irrigação por tensiômetros. O trabalho foi realizado em viveiro para produção de mudas certificadas de citros, em Conchal, SP. As plantas foram cultivadas em recipientes (sacos plásticos) contendo substrato comercial com complementação de fertilizantes de liberação lenta. Os tratamentos selecionados corresponderam a 25, 50, 75, 100 e 125% do volume médio de água do tratamento de referência (100%). O monitoramento do potencial mátrico proporcionado pelos diferentes volumes de irrigação no substrato foi realizado pelo uso de tensiômetros digitais de punção. Desenvolvimento adequado das mudas é obtido com volume médio de água de irrigação de 132 ml dia-1. O consumo aproximado de água para a formação do porta-enxerto limão ‘Cravo’ até o ponto de enxertia é de, aproximadamente,12 litros por planta. O manejo da irrigação com tensiômetros convencionais em recipientes fechados e com substratos orgânicos não é satisfatório. UNITERMOS: muda cítrica, porta-enxerto, propagação, tensiometria MOURÃO FILHO, F.A.A.; SALVO, J.G.; MACHADO, C.C.; COELHO, R.D.; PIEDADE, S.M.; GRAF, C.C.D. ‘Rangpur’ lime Plant growth related to water irrigation volume 2 Abstract The use of nursery tree production methods in protected environment has increased in recent years in order to assure high genetic healthy quality citrus propagation material, especially in São PauloState. This research aimed to determine ‘Rangpur’ lime rootstock plant growth until budding stage, related to different water irrigation volumes, and also evaluates the irrigation management through conventional pulse tensiometers. The work was carried out in a certified citrus nursery, in Conchal, SP. Plants were grown in containers (plastic bags) filled with a commercial potting mix, with the addition of slow-release fertilizers. The selected treatments consisted of 25, 50, 75, 100, and 125% of average water irrigation volume of the reference treatment (100%). The matric potential induced by the different water irrigation levels was monitored by digital tensiometers. Adequate development of the nursery trees is observed with an average water volume irrigation of 132 ml day-1. The total consumption of water until ‘Rangpur’ lime production to the budding stage is, approximately,12 liters per plant. The irrigation management through conventional tensiometers in containers with organic substrates is not adequate. KEYWORDS: citrus nursery tree, propagation, rootstock, tensiometer
Among all factors which affect the yield and fruit quality from citric plants, pests and diseases are of outstanding importance. There are several pests and diseases wich affect the citrus crop. The citrus variegated chlorosis (CVC) is one of the most severe and destructive diseases affecting both yield and quality. Because this disease is caused by a xylem bacteria, the water and nutrients dinamics is affected resulting in a series of visual simptons of different intensities. There objective of this work was to evaluate the nutritional status os citrus plants without visual simptons of CVC and, with different levels of simptons of this disease. The Sufficiency Range Criteria, traditionally used in the state of São Paulo and the Diagnosis and Recommendation Integrated System (DRIS) were the methods used for leaf analysis interpretation. The study was carried out in commercial orchards of 'Pêra' sweet orange budded on 'Cravo'lemom, seven years old, in the region of Araraquara-SP. Plants with three levels of CVC and plants without visual simptons were selected from two plots. Concentrations of macronutrients (N, P, K, Ca, Mg, S) and micronutrients (B, Cu, Fe, Mn, Zn) were determined on leaves of fruit branches. Fruit production from each plant was measured. The analysis through the DRIS method involved the utilization of a software developed specially for the citrus crop by the Instituto Agronômico de Campinas-IAC, where the method proposed by Jones (1981) was used. The results showed that the DRIS was efficient in ranking the nutrients and indicating the nutritional defficiency for some nutrients considered adequate or excessive by the Sufficiency Range Criteria. Regardless the presence of CVC simptons, all plants show low foliar concentrations of Ca, wich resulted in a diagnose of defficiency by the two criteria of interpretation. There was a foliar concentration reduction of N and P, in plants with more severe simptoms. With respect to the foliar concentration of the other nutrients there was not observed a standard decrease or increase due to CVC. The local DRIS-Citros IAC software norms utilized sho uld be adjusted according to the work conditions and objectives to a improve yield correlation with plant nutrition.
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