Bovine colostrum is the first milk secreted by cows after parturition and has high levels of protein, immunoglobulins, and various growth factors. We determined the effects of 8 weeks of bovine colostrum supplementation versus whey protein during resistance training in older adults. Males (N = 15, 59.1 ± 5.4 y) and females (N = 25, 59.0 ± 6.7 y) randomly received (double-blind) 60 g/d of colostrum or whey protein complex (containing 38 g protein) while participating in a resistance training program (12 exercises, 3 sets of 8-12 reps, 3 days/ week). Strength (bench press and leg press 1-RM), body composition (by dual energy x-ray absorptiometry), muscle thickness of the biceps and quadriceps (by ultrasound), cognitive function (by questionnaire), plasma insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) and C-reactive protein (CRP, as a marker of inflammation), and urinary N-telopeptides (Ntx, a marker of bone resorption) were determined before and after the intervention. Participants on colostrum increased leg press strength (24 ± 29 kg; p < .01) to a greater extent than participants on whey protein (8 ± 16 kg) and had a greater reduction in Ntx compared with participants on whey protein (-15 ± 40% vs. 10 ± 42%; p < .05). Bench press strength, muscle thickness, lean tissue mass, bone mineral content, and cognitive scores increased over time (p < .05) with no difference between groups. There were no changes in IGF-1 or CRP. Colostrum supplementation during resistance training was beneficial for increasing leg press strength and reducing bone resorption in older adults. Both colostrum and whey protein groups improved upper body strength, muscle thickness, lean tissue mass, and cognitive function.

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Polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) is an endocrine disorder associated with numerous metabolic complications. We compared body composition (BC) between women with PCOS (n=33) and age‐matched healthy controls (n=16), and also determined the effects of a pulse‐based diet on BC, blood lipids and fertility. Women with PCOS were randomized into groups receiving a pulse‐based diet or the National Cholesterol Education Program therapeutic lifestyle changes (TLC) diet for 16 wk while participating in an aerobic exercise program. Women with PCOS were heavier (+26 kg), had greater fat mass (+23 kg) (both p<0.001), but similar lean tissue mass (LTM) compared to controls. They also had similar bone mineral density, but superior bending strength at the femoral neck (p<0.001) which disappeared after controlling for body mass. After intervention, both diet groups lost a significant amount (p<0.05) of body mass (−4.0 kg), fat mass (−3.1 kg), and trunk fat mass (−1.5 kg) and reduced total cholesterol to HDL ratio (8–10%; p=0.05) with no differences between groups. Both groups maintained LTM mass and bone mineral properties, and number of PC ovaries were reduced. Compliance to meals in the TLC and pulse groups was 79% and 59% respectively. A lower compliance may have been to lack of prior dietary exposure to pulses. A pulse‐based diet is as effective as TLC diet for reducing body fat and improving blood lipids. (Support from Saskatchewan Pulse Growers & Agriculture Agri‐Food Canada)

Polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) is an endocrine disorder that predisposes women to an increased risk of heart disease, diabetes, infertility and endometrial cancer with an annual cost of $4 billion in the United States. We hypothesized that a pulse‐based diet (e.g. beans, lentils) would have a positive effect on body composition as analyzed by dual energy X‐ray absorptiometry, reproductive measures and serum lipid profiles. Twenty‐five women with PCOS aged 18‐35y with a mean BMI of 31 were randomly assigned to groups receiving a pulse‐based diet (n=14) or the National Cholesterol Education Program (NCEP) therapeutic lifestyle changes (TLC) diet (n=11) for 16 wks while participating in an exercise program. Following the intervention, both groups lost body mass (p<0.05; Pulse ‐2.4 vs TLC ‐3.0 kg), percent fat mass (Pulse ‐1.0 vs TLC ‐1.6 %) and trunk fat mass (Pulse ‐1.0 vs TLC ‐1.7 kg). No changes were observed in lean body mass between groups. Both dietary interventions also resulted in more women exhibiting regular menstrual patterns (p<0.001) and a tendency towards a decreased antral follicle count in the right ovary (p=0.06); however, only the pulse diet reduced total cholesterol to HDL ratio (4.2 to 3.8 p<0.005). As hypothesized, a pulse‐based diet reduced body fat, and improved reproductive measures and serum lipid profiles. Thus, early diagnosis and dietary/exercise interventions are important in alleviating both the personal health and economic costs associated with PCOS. Grant Funding Source: Supported by the Saskatchewan Pulse Growers and Agriculture Agri‐Food Canada (Cluster Program)

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Polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) is an endocrine disorder that predisposes women to an increased risk of heart disease, diabetes, and infertility. We have previously demonstrated that a 16‐week diet and exercise intervention using either a pulse based diet or National Cholesterol Education Program therapeutic lifestyle changes (TLC) diet, leads to reduced body weight and percent body fat as well as improved reproductive measures in women with PCOS. We hypothesized that these effects would be maintained at 6‐months following the intervention. Baseline dietary assessment in women with PCOS aged 18‐35y (n=54) using a 4‐day food record demonstrate an intake of 2180 kcal which is within 6% of the individual TEE calculated using the EER equations (DRIs – 2002). Ten women who were randomly assigned to the 16‐week intervention receiving either the pulse‐based diet (n=4) or the TLC diet (n=6) while completing an exercise program were followed up at 6‐months post intervention. At 6‐months, women on both diets consumed fewer kcals (2380 vs 1700; p<0.005) and had both a lower fat (95 vs 60g; p<0.005 ) and carbohydrate (286 vs 211g; p<0.05) intake with no difference between diet groups, while protein intake was not different at 6‐months compared to baseline. Both body weight and percent body fat were not different at 6‐months compared to the end of the intervention. These results suggest that both diet interventions in combination with exercise have positive long‐term effects in women with PCOS. Saskatchewan Pulse Growers and Agriculture Agri‐Food Canada