The classification of the legume family proposed here addresses the long‐known non‐monophyly of the traditionally recognised subfamily Caesalpinioideae, by recognising six robustly supported monophyletic subfamilies. This new classification uses as its framework the most comprehensive phylogenetic analyses of legumes to date, based on plastid matK gene sequences, and including near‐complete sampling of genera (698 of the currently recognised 765 genera) and ca. 20% (3696) of known species. The matK gene region has been the most widely sequenced across the legumes, and in most legume lineages, this gene region is sufficiently variable to yield well‐supported clades. This analysis resolves the same major clades as in other phylogenies of whole plastid and nuclear gene sets (with much sparser taxon sampling). Our analysis improves upon previous studies that have used large phylogenies of the Leguminosae for addressing evolutionary questions, because it maximises generic sampling and provides a phylogenetic tree that is based on a fully curated set of sequences that are vouchered and taxonomically validated. The phylogenetic trees obtained and the underlying data are available to browse and download, facilitating subsequent analyses that require evolutionary trees. Here we propose a new community‐endorsed classification of the family that reflects the phylogenetic structure that is consistently resolved and recognises six subfamilies in Leguminosae: a recircumscribed Caesalpinioideae DC., Cercidoideae Legume Phylogeny Working Group (stat. nov.), Detarioideae Burmeist., Dialioideae Legume Phylogeny Working Group (stat. nov.), Duparquetioideae Legume Phylogeny Working Group (stat. nov.), and Papilionoideae DC. The traditionally recognised subfamily Mimosoideae is a distinct clade nested within the recircumscribed Caesalpinioideae and is referred to informally as the mimosoid clade pending a forthcoming formal tribal and/or clade‐based classification of the new Caesalpinioideae. We provide a key for subfamily identification, descriptions with diagnostic charactertistics for the subfamilies, figures illustrating their floral and fruit diversity, and lists of genera by subfamily. This new classification of Leguminosae represents a consensus view of the international legume systematics community; it invokes both compromise and practicality of use.

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[Euphorbiaceae] no estado de Pernambuco, Brasil). Este estudo foi baseado na análise de materiais de herbário, referências bibliográfi cas e coletas, revelando a ocorrência de 35 espécies do gênero Croton para o estado de Pernambuco. A maior parte destas espécies tem distribuição exclusiva na zona fi togeográfi ca das Caatingas; Croton fuscescens Spreng., C. grewioides Baill. e C. blanchetianus Baill. estendem-se da zona da Mata até a zona das Caatingas; C. polyandrus Spreng. e C. sellowii Baill. ocorrem principalmente na faixa litorânea, em vegetação de restinga; C. argenteus L., C. jacobinensis Baill. e C. triqueter Lam. foram observados apenas na zona da Mata, e C. glandulosus L., C. heliotropiifolius Kunth, C. hirtus L' Her. e C. lundianus (Didr.) Müll. Arg. apresentam ampla distribuição no Estado. São apresentadas chave de identifi cação, comentários sobre distribuição geográfi ca e habitats, juntamente com ilustrações de características diagnósticas das espécies. Palavras-chave: Crotonoideae, diversidade, distribuição geográfi ca, taxonomia ABSTRACT -(Synopsis of the species of Croton L. (Euphorbiaceae) in Pernambuco state, Brazil.). This study was based on the analysis of herbarium material, specialized bibliography and fi eld collections, recording the occurrence of 35 species of the genus Croton for the state of Pernambuco. Most of these species are distributed exclusively in the Caatinga phytogeographic region; Croton fuscescens Spreng., C. grewioides Baill. and C. blanchetianus Baill. are found from the forest zone to the caatinga zone; C. polyandrus Spreng. and C. sellowii Baill. occur mainly along the coast, in restinga vegetation; C. argenteus L., C. jacobinensis Baill. and C. triqueter Lam. were observed only in the forest zone, and C. glandulosus L., C. heliotropiifolius Kunth, C. hirtus L' Her. and C. lundianus (Didr.) Müll. Arg. are widely distributed. Identifi cation keys, comments on geographic distribution and habitats and illustrations of diagnostic characteristics of the species are provided.

We inventoried and characterized the kinds of gall, gall-inducing insects and host plants from Serra Geral between August 2013 and July 2014. Two phytophysiognomies, cerrado sensu stricto and caatinga-cerrado, were examined monthly along transects during ca. 4 hours per visit, totaling 48 hours of sampling effort. A total of 49 gall morphotypes were found on 14 species of host plants in 18 genera and 13 families. Fabaceae and Malpighiaceae were the families with the most galls, with 22 and 10 gall morphotypes, respectively. The genera of host plant with the greatest richness of galls were Copaifera L. (n ¼ 10), Bauhinia Benth. (n ¼ 6), and Mimosa L. (n ¼ 5). Galls were found on leaves, buds and stems. The majority of the galls were globoid, glabrous, isolated, and one-chambered. The inducers belong to Coleoptera, Diptera, and Lepidoptera, Cecidomyiidae (Diptera) being the most frequent and diverse gall-inducers. The associated fauna included parasitoids (Hymenoptera), successors (Formicidae), and predators (Pseudoscorpiones), obtained from 13, 2, and 1 gall morphotypes, respectively. Five plant taxa are recorded as hosts of gall-inducing insects for the first time.

With more than 500 species, Mimosa L. is one of the largest genera of the Leguminosae. It exhibits considerable trichome diversity among species. Trichome types have been used as diagnostic characters, but some are not well known and have been poorly described in taxonomic works, causing some difficulties for species identification and description. The morphology of trichomes of 35 species was studied using scanning electron microscopy and light microscopy to define the types of trichomes precisely. An ancestral character state reconstruction using a densely-sampled phylogeny of the genus was performed in order to investigate the evolution of trichome types in Mimosa. Two basic types of trichomes can be distinguished: glandular and non-glandular. The glandular trichomes can be sessile or stalked. The non-glandular trichomes can be unbranched or branched. Unbranched trichomes are unicellular and conical or cylindrical, whereas branched trichomes are multicellular and verruciform, medusiform, plumose, barbellate, stellate, stellate-lepidote, or lepidote. Character optimization analysis suggests that glandular and branched trichomes are derived and evolved independently in different lineages within Mimosa. The ancestral condition in Mimosa was probably non-glandular and unbranched trichomes, which was retained from piptadenioid ancestors. Our study provides a first insight into the evolutionary history of trichome morphology in the genus. Despite high levels of homoplasy, trichome morphology offers a set of characters that can be used for differentiating species and species groups in combination with other characters.

The caatinga-cerrado transition environments in Caetité, state of Bahia, Brazil, were investigated in order to contribute to the knowledge of the host plants and galling insects. Forty-three gall morphotypes were found, in 17 plant families. Leguminosae and Myrtaceae were the families with the greatest richness of galls, with 15 and five morphotypes, respectively. Galls occurred mainly on leaves (70%), and were predominantly globoid (58%), isolated (67.44%), unilocular (82.6%) and green (51%). Cecidomyiidae (Diptera) was the main gall inducing family. The fauna associated with the galls comprised parasitoids, inquilines, successors and predators. We recorded for the first time pseudoscorpions in galls of Myrcia tomentosa.

This work consists of a floristic survey of the genus Mimosa L. in APA Serra Branca/Raso da Catarina, located in Jeremoabo, Bahia, Brazil. We analyzed specimens collected from June/2010 to October/2011 and collections deposited in the ALCB, HRB, HUEFS, and MBM herbaria. We registered 11 species distributed in two sections: Mimosa sect. Os principais caracteres morfológicos utilizados para separação das espécies foram os tipos de inflorescências, número de pinas, folíolos, de elementos do perianto e de estames, além do aspecto do fruto. As espécies ocorrem principalmente em áreas abertas e mais degradadas ao longo de trilhas, sobre solos arenosos. São apresentadas chaves para identificação das espécies, descrições, ilustrações, comentários sobre distribuição geográfica e períodos de floração e frutificação das espécies. Palavras-chave: caatinga, diversidade, florística, Jeremoabo, semiárido.

RESUMO O gênero Croton é o segundo maior e mais diverso em Euphorbiaceae, possuindo cerca de 1.200 espécies, difundidas predominantemente no continente americano. Este estudo foi baseado na análise morfológica de materiais herborizados e na observação das plantas em campo. Foram registradas 15 espécies, apenas C. heliotropiifolius com ampla distribuição na área de estudo, ocorrendo em vegetação de caatinga. Croton adamantinus, C. corchoropsis, C. nummularius, C. rudolphianus e C. virgultosus são encontradas apenas no complexo arenítico das serras da chapada de São José, em Buíque, crescendo em vegetação rupestre. São fornecidos chave para identificação, comentários sobre as afinidades entre os táxons e distribuição geográfica, bem como ilustrações de todas as espécies estudadas.