The classification of the legume family proposed here addresses the long‐known non‐monophyly of the traditionally recognised subfamily Caesalpinioideae, by recognising six robustly supported monophyletic subfamilies. This new classification uses as its framework the most comprehensive phylogenetic analyses of legumes to date, based on plastid matK gene sequences, and including near‐complete sampling of genera (698 of the currently recognised 765 genera) and ca. 20% (3696) of known species. The matK gene region has been the most widely sequenced across the legumes, and in most legume lineages, this gene region is sufficiently variable to yield well‐supported clades. This analysis resolves the same major clades as in other phylogenies of whole plastid and nuclear gene sets (with much sparser taxon sampling). Our analysis improves upon previous studies that have used large phylogenies of the Leguminosae for addressing evolutionary questions, because it maximises generic sampling and provides a phylogenetic tree that is based on a fully curated set of sequences that are vouchered and taxonomically validated. The phylogenetic trees obtained and the underlying data are available to browse and download, facilitating subsequent analyses that require evolutionary trees. Here we propose a new community‐endorsed classification of the family that reflects the phylogenetic structure that is consistently resolved and recognises six subfamilies in Leguminosae: a recircumscribed Caesalpinioideae DC., Cercidoideae Legume Phylogeny Working Group (stat. nov.), Detarioideae Burmeist., Dialioideae Legume Phylogeny Working Group (stat. nov.), Duparquetioideae Legume Phylogeny Working Group (stat. nov.), and Papilionoideae DC. The traditionally recognised subfamily Mimosoideae is a distinct clade nested within the recircumscribed Caesalpinioideae and is referred to informally as the mimosoid clade pending a forthcoming formal tribal and/or clade‐based classification of the new Caesalpinioideae. We provide a key for subfamily identification, descriptions with diagnostic charactertistics for the subfamilies, figures illustrating their floral and fruit diversity, and lists of genera by subfamily. This new classification of Leguminosae represents a consensus view of the international legume systematics community; it invokes both compromise and practicality of use.

The Eriocaulaceae are easily recognized because of the small unisexual flowers in long-pedunculate heads and spiraperturate pollen grains. Their monophyly has never been disputed but internal relationships within the family have not been broadly explored and genera are typically distinguished by few floral characters. Here, we present the first comprehensive phylogenetic study of Eriocaulaceae based on individual and combined molecular datasets, including the plastid psbA-trnH and trnL-F and the nuclear ITS. Results are largely congruent among DNA regions and support the internal dichotomy between the two subfamilies: Eriocauloideae and Paepalanthoideae. Eriocaulon and Leiothrix are strongly supported as monophyletic, whereas Paepalanthus, Blastocaulon, and Syngonanthus are not monophyletic. The phylogenetic nature of Actinocephalus is not resolved and Lachnocaulon, Mesanthemum, Philodice, Rondonanthus, and Tonina (monospecific) are represented in our analyses by a single species each. Based on our results, we suggest two principal generic realignments in the family. The first is the division of Syngonanthus in two genera: Syngonanthus s.str., including Philodice (conserving the former name against the latter), and Comanthera, which is being reinstated to include two sections segregated from Syngonanthus: S. sect. Eulepis and S. sect. Thysanocephalus. The second realignment suggested is the amalgamation of Actinocephalus, Blastocaulon, Lachnocaulon, and Tonina into Paepalanthus s.l. Three 'stat. nov.' within Paepalanthus are published (P. ser. Leptocephali, P. ser. Rosulati, and P. ser. Dimeri).

Chamaecrista Moench is a genus of caesalpinioid legumes with about 330 species mostly from the New World. The phylogeny of the genus was studied using sequence data from nuclear ITS and plastid trnL­F DNA spacers, representing all six sections of Chamaecrista. Separate and combined analyses recovered the same major clades with high bootstrap and posterior probabilities support, except for the subclades of representatives of sections Caliciopsis, Chamaecrista, and Xerocalyx. The monophyly of Chamaecrista was highly supported in all analyses. Sections Apoucouita and Xerocalyx were supported as monophyletic, sect. Absus was paraphyletic and subsect. Baseophyllum was resolved more closely related to species of sections Chamaecrista, Caliciopsis, and Xerocalyx than to subsect. Absus. The monotypic section Grimaldia was embedded within subsect. Absus. Section Chamaecrista was paraphyletic with respect to sections Caliciopsis and Xerocalyx. Our analyses suggest that the diversification patterns in Chamaecrista occurred through an initial shift from rainforest trees to a more diverse clade of savannah shrubs. Within the latter group, two main subclades were recovered: (1) a planaltine and high­mountain clade characterized by absence of extrafloral nectaries and the appearance of sticky glandular hairs; and (2) a mostly herbaceous clade with axillary fascicled inflorescences and reduced chromosome numbers. This last group is more diverse in open grassland areas and includes many colonizers of waste ground.

Little attention has been paid to species of Chamaecrista sect. Apoucouita (Leguminosae-Caesalpinioideae), especially regarding anatomical studies. When only vegetative material is available, the identifi cation of such species may be diffi cult. Additionally, vegetative material of some species of C. sect. Apoucouita may be even harder to identify because they can resemble species of Inga Mill. (Leguminosae-Mimosoideae). Th e present study focused on recognizing morphoanatomical characters of leaves that are taxonomically useful for the species of C. sect. Apoucouita by employing standard anatomical techniques. Th e arrangement of the vascular system in the petiole/rachis, dorsiventral mesophyll, mucilage idioblasts in the epidermis of leafl ets and hypostomatic leaves were some of the characters shared by all species studied. Length of the petiole, position and type of extrafl oral nectaries, leafl et venation, presence and type of papillae on the epidermis of the leafl et blades and sclereids in the mesophyll were some of the characters useful in the distinction of taxa. Th e vascular arrangement of the petiole/rachis is a promising character in the distinction of species of C. sect. Apoucouita and Inga. Based on morphoanatomical data, the taxonomic revision of some species and varieties ascribed to C. sect. Apoucouita is suggested.

This work consists of a floristic survey of the genus Mimosa L. in APA Serra Branca/Raso da Catarina, located in Jeremoabo, Bahia, Brazil. We analyzed specimens collected from June/2010 to October/2011 and collections deposited in the ALCB, HRB, HUEFS, and MBM herbaria. We registered 11 species distributed in two sections: Mimosa sect. Os principais caracteres morfológicos utilizados para separação das espécies foram os tipos de inflorescências, número de pinas, folíolos, de elementos do perianto e de estames, além do aspecto do fruto. As espécies ocorrem principalmente em áreas abertas e mais degradadas ao longo de trilhas, sobre solos arenosos. São apresentadas chaves para identificação das espécies, descrições, ilustrações, comentários sobre distribuição geográfica e períodos de floração e frutificação das espécies. Palavras-chave: caatinga, diversidade, florística, Jeremoabo, semiárido.

Abstract:The paper presents a survey of the species found in the APA Serra Branca/ Raso da Catarina, where were cataloged 21 species in eleven genera: Mitracarpus is the richest genus with four species (M. baturitensis, M. longicalyx, M. robustus, M. salzmannianus)

Chamaecrista (L.) Moench (Caesalpinioideae-Leguminosae) with 330 species is organized into six sections: Apoucouita, Absus, Grimaldia, Chamaecrista, Caliciopsis and Xerocalyx. Section Absus is the largest section of the Chamaecrista and is organized into four subsections, viz., subsect. Adenophyllum, subsect. Baseophyllum, subsect. Otophyllum and subsect. Absus. This section is not monophyletic and has a complex taxonomy. This study aims to anatomically characterize 60 taxa of Chamaecrista, identifying meaningful morphoanatomical characters that may shed light on the evaluations of the taxonomic and phylogenetic framework of Chamaecrista, especially C. sect. Absus. Standard light microscopy techniques were used to anatomically characterize the leaves. The anatomical data were subjected to a multivariate analysis (Jaccard index). Epidermal papillae on the abaxial side, the distribution and types of secretory and tector trichomes, variations in the arrangement of the vascular system of the midvein and the type of arrangement of the vascular system of the petiole are useful for separating species or groups of species. The presence and type of secretory structure, the type and position of stomata and the venation pattern are important in establishing the affinities between sections and subsections. The phenetic analysis demonstrates that the anatomical data contribute to the establishment of affinities between sections and subsections, supporting the elevation of the taxonomic status of the clade Baseophyllum to section and the insertion of C. absus (C. sect. Grimaldia) into C. sect. Absus, corroborating molecular studies.

Raso da Catarina is one of the eight Ecoregions recognized for the Caatinga biome. This work includes the taxonomic study of Boraginales Juss. . The species most commonly found were Cordia glabrata, Varronia globosa, V. leucocephala, Euploca procumbens, Heliotropium angiospermum and H. elongatum, associated with sandy soils. Cordia superba and C. trichotoma were found in moist environments, higher altitudes, clay or sandy-clayey soils. Euploca paradoxa was collected on the banks of the São Francisco River, and Varronia leucomalloides occurs in the hiperxerophytic Caatinga associated with rocky or sandy soils and in areas of contact between Caatinga and Cerrado, these species were more restricted in the area. Comments are made on the morphology and taxonomy, illustrations, and data on geographical distribution and phenology, besides a key for the taxa studied. . As espécies mais comumente encontradas foram Cordia glabrata, Varronia globosa, V. leucocephala, Euploca procumbens, Heliotropium angiospermum e H. elongatum, associadas aos solos arenosos. Cordia superba e C. trichotoma encontradas em ambientes mais úmidos, sobre altitudes mais elevadas, solos argilosos ou areno-argilosos. Euploca paradoxa coletada nas margens do rio São Francisco e, Varronia leucomalloides ocorrendo em Caatinga hiper-xeró fita, associada a solos pedregosos ou arenosos, e em áreas de contato entre Caatinga e Cerrado, foram às espécies mais restritas na área. São apresentados comentários sobre morfologia e taxonomia, ilustrac¸õ es, e dados sobre distribuic¸ão geográfica e fenologia, além de uma chave para os táxons estudados. Palavras-chave: florística, taxonomia, semiárido, Caatinga, diversidade http://dx