Although the pollen morphology of Xyridaceae shows standard patterns that distinguish five genera, specific data of each genus are scarce or incompletely known. The pollen morphology of 17 Brazilian species of Xyris (Nematopus Section) based upon 47 specimens from Goiás and Minas Gerais States, Brazil, is presented. Micrographs of pollen grain structures were obtained using light and scanning electron microscopy. Pollen grains are characterized as monads, medium to large sized, ellipsoidal in polar view, flattened/convex in equatorial view and monosulcates. The sulci are pontoperculate and covered with an insulae type membrane. The sexine presents either a microreticulum or rugulae with perforations, and is thicker than the nexine. Although Xyris is a stenopalynous genus, characterized by monosulcate pollen grains, two groups of species were recognized based upon pollen size as well as pollen wall ornamentation features. Therefore, pollen data are of taxonomic value and useful to clarify the delimitation of the studied species.
RESUMO Xyridaceae é composta por cinco gêneros e aproximadamente 400 espécies. Possui distribuição Pantropical, com a maioria dos gêneros ocorrendo na região neotropical e apenas Xyris estendendo-se até áreas temperadas da América, Ásia e Austrália. Este trabalho teve como objetivo conhecer a diversidade das espécies de Xyridaceae na Serra do Cabral, contribuindo para o conhecimento das espécies da flora brasileira. A área de estudo localiza-se na região centro-norte do Estado de Minas Gerais, Brasil, compreendendo parte dos municípios de Augusto de Lima, Buenópolis, Joaquim Felício, Francisco Dumont e Lassance. Na área de estudo, a família está representada por dois gêneros, Abolboda com duas espécies e Xyris com 32 espécies e duas variedades. Entre as contribuições para o conhecimento das Xyridaceae, o presente estudo amplia os dados de ocorrência de X. pirapamae Wand. & J. Guedes e X. stenocephala Malme.
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