Bruxelas' e 'Tronchuda Portuguesa', as pimentas 'Dedo de Moça', 'Malagueta', 'Doce Italiana', 'Jalapeño M', 'Amarela Comprida' e 'Cambuci', os pimentões 'Dagmar', 'Casca Dura Ikeda', 'Magna Super' e os porta enxertos para pimentão 'Silver' e 'AF 8253'. As plantas resistentes a M. javanica foram: alface 'Roxa', cebolinhas 'Tokyo' e 'Nebuka', alho 'Poró Gigante', salsa 'Lisa Comum', brócolis 'Brasília', azevém, C. spectabilis, C. juncea, C. breviflora, girassol 'Uruguai', guandu anão, milheto e mucuna preta. Palavras-chave: nematoides das galhas, olerícolas, resistência, suscetibilidade. ABSTRACT Meloidogyne javanica reproduction on vegetable crops and plants used as green manureThe goal of this work was to determinate the Meloidogyne javanica reproduction factor on vegetable crops (Allium porrum, A. schoenoprasum, Beta vulgaris, Brassica spp., Capsicum spp., Coriandrum sativum, Daucus carota, Lactuca sativa, Petroselinum crispum and Raphanus sativus) and on plants used as green manure (Cajanus cajan, Crotalaria breviflora, C. juncea, C. mucronata, C. ochroleuca, C. spectabilis, Dolichos lalab, Helianthus annuus, Lollium multiflorum, M. aterrima, M. cinereum, Mucuna deeringiana, Pennisetum glaucum and Raphanus sativus). The experiments were carried out in a greenhouse during 60 days. The substrate infestation was made with 5,000 eggs and possible second stage juveniles of M. javanica. The immune plants to M. javanica were: P. crispum 'Portuguesa', Brassica spp.
Reprodução de Meloidogyne enterolobii em olerícolas e plantas utilizadas na adubação verde 1Meloidogyne enterolobii reproduction on vegetable crops and plants used as green manure
In order to know the host parasite relationship of M. enterolobii in plants with resistance to nematodes, comparative studies of the biology of M. enterolobii and M. javanica in tomato with the Mi gene were conducted. The experiment was set up in a two-by-two factorial design consisting of two varieties of tomato ('Magnet' and 'Helper M') root were collected at 3, 10, 17, 24 and 31 days after inoculation, stained with acid fuchsin, and dissected on stereomicroscope in order to observe the different developmental stages of nematodes. The data were subjected to analysis of variance and means compared by Tukey test at 5% probability. The results showed that, although both species have been able to penetrate the roots of the rootstocks of tomato, only M. enterolobii was able to develop normally, with mature females carrying their egg masses, from 24 days after inoculation. 24 e 31 dias após a inoculação, coloridas com fucsina ácida, e dissecadas sob microscópio estereoscópico para a localização e contagem dos diferentes estádios de desenvolvimento dos nematoides. Os dados foram submetidos à análise de variância e as médias comparadas pelo teste de Tukey a 5% de probabilidade. Os resultados obtidos mostraram que, embora ambas as espécies tenham sido capazes de penetrar as raízes dos porta-enxertos de tomateiro, somente M. enterolobii conseguiu desenvolver-se normalmente, com as fêmeas maduras realizando suas posturas, a partir de 24 dias após a inoculação.O tomateiro (Solanum lycopersicum L.) é uma das principais olerícolas cultivadas no Brasil. O aumento da área e o cultivo sucessivo dessa solanácea favoreceram o desenvolvimento de pragas e doenças, afetando a produção. Taylor (22) cita que durante anos, estudos vêm sendo realizados no intuito de incorporar resistência à cultura do tomateiro a pragas e doenças de grande importância.De acordo com Moura (17), as cultivares de tomateiro com resistência à meloidoginose disponíveis no comércio são efetivas contra as espécies M. incognita (Kofoid & White) Chitwood, M. javanica (Treub) Chitwood e M. arenaria (Neal) Chitwood, mas suscetíveis a M. hapla Chitwood. Segundo Hussey & Janssen (15)
RESUMO A meloidoginose tem sido considerada uma das mais importantes doenças da cultura do tomate. O uso de tomateiros resistentes ao nematoide das galhas é medida bastante utilizada no ABSTRACT The diseases caused by root-knot nematodes on tomato have been considered as the most dangerous for this crop. This research aimed to study the reaction of ten tomato hybrids (Absoluto, Cascade, Cordillera, Donatto, Ellen, Fascínio, Laura, Marguerita, Nícolas and Sanni)
This study aimed to determine the resistance of six rootstocks for cucumber (squash 'Menina Brasileira', pumpkin 'Exposição', 'Shelper', 'Tetsukabuto Takaiama', 'B8-A Tetsukabuto' and 'Excite Ikki') and four Japanese cucumber hybrids ('Yoshinari', 'Kouki', 'Taisho' and 'Tsuyataro') to Meloidogyne enterolobii. The experiment was conducted in greenhouse; each plot consisted of one plant per pot containing 2 liters of autoclaved soil. The experimental design was completely randomized, with five replicates per treatment. Two days after transplanting the seedlings, each plant was inoculated with 5,000 eggs and second-stage juveniles (initial population = Pi) of M. enterolobii. Tomato 'Rutgers' was used as indicative of inoculum viability. Sixty days after inoculated, each plant was evaluated for total number of nematodes in the roots (final population = Pf) and reproduction factor (FR=Pf/Pi). All rootstocks and cucumber hybrids allowed M. enterolobii multiplication, but FR values were lower in 'Shelper', 'Excite Ikki KY' and 'Menina Brasileira' rootstocks. In a second experiment, the low FR in these three rootstocks was confirmed, but with higher values in 'Menina Brasileira'. So, these rootstocks can be recommended to M. enterolobii infested areas, but with low populations, because they don't permit great multiplication of the patogen. It is concluded that 'Shelper' and 'Excite Ikki KY' rootstocks had the lowest FR and can be classified as moderate resistant to this nematode.
The resistance of tomato plants (Solanum Lycopersicum L.) to M. incognita, M. javanica and M. arenaria, provided by the presence of Mi gene, does not include the species M. enterolobii (=M. mayaguensis). The aim of this study was to verify the anatomical changes caused by M. enterolobii in the root system of rootstocks from tomato plants with Mi resistance gene ('Magnet' and 'Helper M') and to compare these changes with those caused by M. javanica . The anatomical observations of roots were done with the aid of a light microscope and the most relevant aspects were photographed. Based on counts and measurements of the size of feeding sites and giant cells, the data Westerich, J.N.; Rodella, R.A.; Rosa, J.M.O.; Wilcken, S.R.S. Anatomical Changes Induced by Meloidogyne enterolobii (=M. mayaguensis) and Meloidogyne javanica in Tomato Plants Resistant to the Root-Knot Nematode. Summa Phytopathologica, v.38, n.3, p.192-197, 2012. were analyzed by using the statistical method of Cluster Analysis. The emergence of nurse cells stimulated by M. enterolobii was observed for both tomato rootstocks between 10 and 17 days after inoculation (DAI). The number and the area of feeding sites and giant cells were smaller at 17 DAI than at 24 DAI. On the latter occasion (24 DAI), there were feeding sites established by the presence of several multinucleate nurse cells with thick cell walls and dense and granular cytoplasm. Vascular tissues were compressed and disorganized; there was also hypertrophy of cortical parenchyma cells. Roots inoculated with M. javanica did not show anatomical changes. v.38, n.3, p.192-197, 2012. Análise de Agrupamento. O aparecimento de células nutridoras incitadas por M. enterolobii foi verificado em ambos os porta-enxertos de tomateiro, entre 10 e 17 dias após a inoculação (DAI). O número e a área de sítios de alimentação e de células gigantes foram menores aos 17 DAI do que aos 24 DAI. Nesta época (24 DAI), foram observados sítios de alimentação constituídos pela presença de várias células nutridoras multinucleadas, com parede celular espessa, citoplasma denso e granuloso. Os tecidos vasculares apresentaram-se comprimidos e desorganizados, foi observada, também, hipertrofia de células do parênquima cortical. As raízes inoculadas com M. javanica não apresentaram alterações anatômicas.
Ao CNPq, pela bolsa de estudo concedida durante o curso de mestrado.À FAPESP por acreditarem no projeto e pelo apoio financeiro concedido para realização do mesmo.A minha orientadora, Profª. Drª. Silvia Renata Siciliano Wilcken, do Departamento de Produção Vegetal, da Faculdade de Ciências Agronômicas de Botucatu -UNESP, por acreditar em mim, pelos ensinamentos e dicas de pesquisa, pelas horas de leituras gastas no meu trabalho e pela paciência e amizade imprescindíveis para mim aqui em Botucatu.
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