Resumo O objetivo deste artigo é verificar a associação entre fatores maternos e antropométricos e o consumo de alimentos ultraprocessados em crianças de 4 a 24 meses de idade. Métodos: Estudo transversal, com 300 crianças internadas em um hospital terciário e suas mães. A entrevista deu-se nas primeiras 72 horas de internação para evitar interferência nas respostas sobre a alimentação da criança. Os fatores maternos investigados foram: idade, escolaridade, renda, paridade, IMC e orientação sobre alimentação complementar. As variáveis referentes às crianças investigadas foram: idade, aleitamento materno, escola infantil, IMC/idade, estatura/idade, peso/idade e introdução de alimentos ultraprocessados. A associação entre os fatores estudados e a introdução de alimentos ultraprocessados foi testada por regressão linear. O nível de significância considerado foi de 0.05. Verificou-se que apenas 21% das crianças ainda não haviam recebido nenhum tipo de alimento ultraprocessado, sendo que 56.5% recebeu algum destes alimentos antes dos seis meses. Na análise multivariada, escolaridade materna, renda familiar, idade materna e paridade foram associadas à oferta de alimentos ultraprocessados. As práticas alimentares de crianças entre 4 e 24 meses estão inadequadas frente às recomendações para a faixa etária.

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Objectives: Data on multidisciplinary programs dedicated to home parenteral nutrition (HPN) in Latin America are limited. This study describes the results of the first multidisciplinary pediatric intestinal rehabilitation program for HPN at a public tertiary hospital in Brazil. Methods: We retrospectively reviewed patients aged 0-18 years with intestinal failure (IF) who required parenteral nutrition (PN) for >60 days between January/2014 and December/2020. Results: Fifty-four patients were discharged on HPN (15 achieved enteral autonomy, 34 continued on HPN at the end of the study, 1 underwent intestinal transplantation, and 4 died). The median (IQR) age at the study endpoint of patients who achieved enteral autonomy was 14.1 (9.7-19) versus 34.7 (20.4-53.9) months in those who did not achieve enteral autonomy. Overall prevalence of catheter-related thrombosis was 66.7% and catheterrelated bloodstream infection rate was 0.39/1000 catheter-days. Intestinal failure-associated liver disease (IFALD) was present in 24% of all patients; none of the patients who achieved enteral autonomy had IFALD. All patients showed significant improvement in anthropometric parameters during the HPN period. The sociodemographic characteristics of the patients' family members were mothers less than 20 years old (7.5%), schooling time more than 10 years (55.5%), and household income between 1 and 3 times the minimum wage (64.8%). The 5-year survival rate for HPN is 90%, and 27.7% of patients achieve enteral autonomy. Conclusion:The treatment of pediatric patients with IF followed by a multidisciplinary pediatric intestinal rehabilitation program with HPN is feasible and safe in the Brazilian public health system.

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Background: Childhood obesity has been growing steadily, at an earlier age, and currently comprises a public health issue. A number of studies have pointed to perinatal factors as possible determinants in the development of childhood obesity. Objective: To evaluate the influence of perinatal factors on the development of obesity in children and adolescents in southern Brazil. Design: Retrospective cohort study in which a linkage was made between anthropometric data of children and adolescents aged 0 to 15 years who had been registered in the Food and Nutrition Surveillance System (SISVAN) from 2008 to 2016 and their perinatal data registered in the Live Birth Information System (SINASC) from 2000 to 2014. The SINASC was used to extract maternal covariables (age, schooling, marital status), prenatal variables (parity and number of prenatal visits), and perinatal variables (type of delivery, sex, and birth weight). Variables such as age, inclusion in the Bolsa Família income transfer program, and the number of anthropometric evaluations were extracted from SISVAN. Results: The sample comprised 537 children and adolescents. The median age was 8 years (interquartile range: 2-11 years). The prevalence of obesity was 15.1%. Poisson regression revealed a higher risk of obesity in children born via cesarean delivery (relative risk [RR] = 1.48; 95% CI: 1.01-2.17), children of primiparous mothers (RR = 1.72; 95% CI: 1.16-2.53), girls (RR = 1.77; 95% CI:1.21-2.60), and those aged between 5 and 9 years (RR = 26.8; 95% CI: 3.75-191.55) and older than 10 years (RR = 20.74; 95% CI: 2.89-148.61). Conclusions: The linkage between SINASC and SISVAN allowed identification of prenatal and perinatal risk factors for the development of childhood obesity. These findings should contribute to the development of health promotion and prevention policies.

Fatores associados à introdução precoce de alimentos ultraprocessados na alimentação de crianças menores de dois anosAssociated factors with early introduction of ultra-processed foods in feeding of children under two years old resumo O objetivo deste artigo é verificar a associação entre fatores maternos e antropométricos e o consumo de alimentos ultraprocessados em crianças de 4 a 24 meses de idade. Métodos: Estudo transversal, com 300 crianças internadas em um hospital terciário e suas mães. A entrevista deu-se nas primeiras 72 horas de internação para evitar interferência nas respostas sobre a alimentação da criança. Os fatores maternos investigados foram: idade, escolaridade, renda, paridade, IMC e orientação sobre alimentação complementar. As variáveis referentes às crianças investigadas foram: idade, aleitamento materno, escola infantil, IMC/idade, estatura/idade, peso/idade e introdução de alimentos ultraprocessados. A associação entre os fatores estudados e a introdução de alimentos ultraprocessados foi testada por regressão linear. O nível de significância considerado foi de 0.05. Verificou-se que apenas 21% das crianças ainda não haviam recebido nenhum tipo de alimento ultraprocessado, sendo que 56.5% recebeu algum destes alimentos antes dos seis meses. Na análise multivariada, escolaridade materna, renda familiar, idade materna e paridade foram associadas à oferta de alimentos ultraprocessados. As práticas alimentares de crianças entre 4 e 24 meses estão inadequadas frente às recomendações para a faixa etária. Palavras-chave Consumo de alimentos, Fast foods, Lanches, Nutrição do lactente abstract Objective: To verify the association of maternal and anthropometric factors with consumption of ultra-processed foods in children between 4 to 24 months. Methods: cross-sectional study with 300 children hospitalized in a tertiary hospital and their mothers. The interview took place during the first 72 hours of hospitalization to avoid interference in the responses about the child's diet. Maternal factors investigated: age, schooling, income, parity, BMI and guidance on complementary feeding. Variables related to the child investigated: age, breastfeeding, infant school, BMI/age, height/age, weight/age and introduction of ultra-processed food. The association between the factors studied and introduction of ultra-processed food was tested by linear regression. The significance level considered was 0.05. Results:. It was verified that only 21% of the children had not yet received any type of ultra-processed food, and 56.5% received any of these foods before 6 months. In the multivariate analysis, maternal schooling, family income, maternal age and parity were associated with ultra-processed food supply. Conclusions: The feeding practices of children between 4 and 24 months are inadequate when compared to the recommendations for the age group.

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