RESUMO -A aplicação de diferentes técnicas de análise econômica em sistemas agroflorestais é de grande importância para suporte às tomadas de decisões. Assim, testou-se um modelo de equação diferencial como metodologia de análise da viabilidade econômica de um sistema agroflorestal (SAF), observando se havia influência das receitas intermediárias de uma cultura agrícola no período de rotação da cultura arbórea, em dois horizontes de planejamento: um único corte e vários cortes, executando-se a reforma ou a substituição após o corte do alto fuste. Concluiu-se que, para horizonte de planejamento de um corte, variações na receita da cultura agrícola não afetarão a idade ótima de corte. Entretanto, variações na receita agrícola implicarão em variações inversamente proporcionais na idade ótima de corte quando se planeja um horizonte com vários cortes das árvores, ou seja, devido ao lucro com o cultivo agrícola, é economicamente viável antecipar o corte da madeira e realizar a reforma do plantio.Palavras-chave: Economia florestal; Rotação florestal; Agrossilvicultura. ECONOMIC ANALYSIS OF THE AGROFORESTRY SYSTEMS BY USING DIFFERENTIAL EQUATIONS ABSTRACT -The use of economic analysis techniques on agroforestry systems is important to support decisionmakers. Therefore, we tested a differential equation model to analyze the economic viability of an agroforestry system (AFS). Thus, the objective of the present study was to verify the occurrence of is any influence of the intermediary income in an agricultural
The first record of Echinostoma (Trematoda: Echinostomatidae) in coprolites was from a mummified human body in Minas Gerais State, Brazil. The finding raised questions on this parasite's incidence in prehistoric populations and the natural hosts of each species in remote times. Echinostomes occur worldwide and, despite the wide range of hosts, there is no record of Echinostomatidae in felines in Brazil. This study reports the finding of Echinostomatidae eggs in felid coprolites in the Furna do Estrago Archaeological Site, located in Pernambuco State in the Brazilian semiarid. Despite the possibility of false parasitism, the finding expands the distribution of this Digenea in remote times and raises the hypothesis of other cases of echinostomiasis in pre-Colombian populations.
Applied educational opportunities in forestry undergraduate curricula are essential for a complete postsecondary degree program. Walking distance to local urban forests present a way to teach forestry students in applied settings, while reducing the time, cost, and travel logistics. A case study at a Canadian university (University of British Columbia) was used to connect urban forest canopy cover to forestry learning objectives and walking time to the main teaching building. Individual tree canopies were identified with light detection and ranging data and aggregated to 0.05 ha grid sections. Using canopy cover and forest arrangement, the urban forest was classified into closed, open, small, sparse, or non- forest classifications. Forestry learning objectives were matched with each forest classification in conjunction with walkability to identify critical local location for forestry education. Results identified key areas suitable for teaching forestry and for linking forestry educational values with easily accessible high value locations. Study Implications: Applied educational opportunities for undergraduate forestry students are critical for ensuring hands-on, real world experiences and essential in postsecondary forestry degrees. Local urban forests present an opportunity to allow students access to these experiences regularly. Connecting forestry learning objectives with local urban forest types allowed for the identification of key, high-value learning locations. The information and methodology from this research provide insight into explicitly classifying areas for forestry educational purposes with the goal of promoting outdoor applied educational opportunities for forestry undergraduate students.
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