The aim of this study was to compare smile attractiveness between one, three, and four premolar extraction protocols in patients with Class II division 1 subdivision malocclusions and to analyse the aesthetic influence of buccal and posterior corridor widths on smile attractiveness. The sample consisted of posed smile photographs obtained from 66 subjects, divided into three groups according to the treatment-extraction protocol. Group 1 was treated with one maxillary premolar extraction included 23 subjects, group 2 was treated with four premolar extractions included 23 subjects, and 20 patients in group 3 were treated with three premolar extractions. Buccal and posterior corridor widths of each photograph were measured in proportion to the smile width. To rate the posed smile photographs, panels of 70 orthodontists and 46 laypeople used a 10-point scale. There were no significant differences in smile attractiveness scores between the three groups and between orthodontists and laypeople. Also buccal and posterior corridor widths did not differ between the groups and they did not influence the aesthetic scores. It was concluded that smile attractiveness is similar in treatment protocols of one, three, and four premolar extractions and that widths of buccal and posterior corridors do not influence smile attractiveness in these groups.

Anterior spaces may interfere with smile attractiveness and compromise dentofacial harmony. They are among the most frequent reasons why patients seek orthodontic treatment. However, midline diastema is commonly cited as a malocclusion with high relapse incidence by orthodontists.ObjectivesThis study aimed to evaluate the stability of maxillary interincisor diastemas closure and the association of their relapse and interincisor width, overjet, overbite and root parallelism.Material and MethodsSample comprised 30 patients with at least a pretreatment midline diastema of 0.5 mm or greater after eruption of the maxillary permanent canines. Dental casts and panoramic radiographs were taken at pretreatment, posttreatment and postretention.ResultsBefore treatment, midline diastema width was 1.52 mm (SD=0.88) and right and left lateral diastema widths were 0.55 mm (SD=0.56) and 0.57 mm (SD=0.53), respectively. According to repeated measures analysis of variance, only midline diastema demonstrated significant relapse. In the overall sample the average relapse of midline diastema was 0.49 mm (SD=0.66), whilst the unstable patients showed a mean space reopening of 0.78 mm (SD=0.66). Diastema closure in the area between central and lateral incisors showed great stability. Multivariate correlation tests showed that only initial diastema width (β=0.60) and relapse of overjet (β=0.39) presented association with relapse of midline diastema.ConclusionsMidline diastema relapse was statistically significant and occurred in 60% of the sample, while lateral diastemas closure remained stable after treatment. Only initial diastema width and overjet relapse showed association with relapse of midline diastema. There was no association between relapse of interincisor diastema and root parallelism.

Objectives: To assess the changes in the maxillary buccal alveolar bone during alignment without extractions. Secondarily, to evaluate the changes in arch dimensions and buccolingual inclinations of teeth and to identify risk factors for bone loss. Materials and Methods: Twenty-two adolescents with crowded permanent dentitions were treated without extractions with Damon 3MX brackets. Cone beam computed tomographic scans were taken before treatment (T0) and after alignment (T1). Bone thickness (BT) and height from the cementoenamel junction to the alveolar crest (BH) were evaluated at the maxillary central incisors, second premolars, and buccal roots of first molars. Changes in all variables from T0 to T1 were assessed. Correlations between bone changes and initial bone thickness, initial arch widths, initial crowding, amount of expansion, amount of tipping, and amount of molar rotation were calculated. Results: BT decreased and BH increased significantly for the incisors and mesiobuccal root of the first molars. Arch dimensions generally increased together with tipping. Bone loss was correlated with crowding and amount of expansion in the premolar region. Initially thinner BT was correlated with greater apical migration of bone for the incisors. Conclusions: Nonextraction alignment with self-ligating brackets led to arch expansion associated with tipping of teeth. Expansion related to alignment resulted in horizontal and vertical bone loss at the incisors and mesiobuccal root of the first molars. Thinner BTs and more severe crowding before treatment increased the risk for buccal bone loss. (Angle Orthod. 2018;88:748-756.)

Late pubertal patients with Class II division 1 malocclusion treated with fixed functional appliances associated with fixed appliances present similar soft tissue results as two-maxillary premolar extraction treatments.

de São Paulo, como parte dos requisitos para obtenção do título de Doutora em Odontologia, na área de Ortodontia. Aos meus pacientes, por me permitir estar sempre aprendendo com eles, e pela confiança. Edição revisada Bauru 2005 ANÁLISE RETROSPECTIVA DOS RESULTADOS DOS TRATAMENTOS ORTODÔNTICOS ESTÁVEIS E NÃO ESTÁVEIS NA FASE PÓS-CONTENÇÃO Karina Maria Salvatore de FreitasÀ Capes, pela concessão da bolsa de estudos por uma parte do tempo de duração deste curso de Doutorado.Enfim, a todos que colaboraram direta ou indiretamente para a realização deste sonho."Se a nota dissesse: não é uma nota que faz uma música, não haveria sinfonia.Se a palavra dissesse: não é uma palavra que pode fazer uma página, não haveria livro.Se a gota dissesse: não é uma gota de água que pode fazer um rio, não haveria oceano.Se a grão de trigo dissesse: não é um grão de trigo que pode semear um campo, não haveria colheita.Se o homem dissesse: não é um gesto de amor que pode salvar a humanidade, jamais haveria justiça e paz, dignidade e felicidade na terra dos homens.Como REVISÃO DA LITERATURARevisão da Literatura 5 REVISÃO DA LITERATURACom o objetivo de facilitar a leitura e também a compreensão dos assuntos abordados, a revisão de literatura foi dividida em tópicos. Assim, permitiu-se descrever passo a passo cada um dos assuntos relacionados, não com a finalidade de esgotar individualmente o assunto, mas sim descrever alguns trabalhos relevantes dentro da literatura específica. Estabilidade, Recidiva e Fatores RelacionadosA primeira menção à necessidade da contenção credita-se a aumento da distância intercaninos 14,72,90,119,120,130,165,189,195,212,227,252 ;Revisão da Literatura 9 alteração da forma dos arcos dentários 14,61,120,195,227,252 ; protrusão excessiva dos incisivos 14,31,37,119,144,252 119,144,190,240 ; a idade e o gênero 72,78,144 ; o tamanho e a forma dos dentes 14,33,34,72,78,120,130,144,165,169 ; a morfologia das bases apicais 85,144,203 ; o sentido de crescimento da mandíbula 132,180,233 ; os hábitos bucais 14,192 ; alteração nas atividades de repouso e função dos músculos faciais e mastigatórios 37,72,78,144,190 ; o padrão de crescimento do esqueleto facial e do tecido tegumentar circundante 132,217 ; o estiramento das fibras colágenas do ligamento periodontal 33,34,144,178,179,190