RESUMO Com a constante evolução tecnológica, a indústria sementeira exige cada vez mais rapidez na identificação da
RESUMO -O aumento na demanda por sementes oleaginosas de alta qualidade, como o girassol, vem desencadeando um grande interesse em testes que possibilitem a diferenciação rápida do potencial de desempenho de lotes, favorecendo a pronta tomada de decisões durante diferentes etapas da produção de sementes, pré e pós-colheita. Assim, objetivou-se com este trabalho avaliar a eficiência e rapidez do método de Pettenkofer na determinação da atividade respiratória para diferenciar o vigor de cinco lotes de sementes de girassol, cv. MG2. Além da determinação da atividade respiratória, foram conduzidos testes de germinação, condutividade elétrica, comprimento de parte aérea, matéria fresca e massa seca de plântulas. Os resultados permitiram a classificação dos lotes em diferentes níveis de qualidade fisiológica. A utilização do sistema Pettenkofer foi eficiente e rápida para proporcionar a distinção dos lotes, fazendo com que a determinação da atividade respiratória seja considerada promissora para identificar diferenças na qualidade fisiológica de lotes de sementes de girassol. Termos para indexação: Helianthus annuus, atividade respiratória, viabilidade, vigor.Assessing the physiological quality of sunflower seed lots from respiration test ABSTRACT -The increased demand for high quality oilseeds, such as sunflower, has encouraged interest in faster tests to distinguish seed lots, and allow prompt decisions during different stages of seed production, storage, and marketing. The objective of this study was to evaluate the efficiency of the Pettenkofer method for determining respiratory activity, which can be used to differentiate the vigor of different cv. MG2 sunflower seed lots. Besides determining respiratory activity, the germination, electrical conductivity, total dry weight, fresh weight and seedling length were measured. The results permitted the classification of seed lots according to their potential performance. The Pettenkofer apparatus provided an efficient and fast separation of seed lots and the measurement of respiratory activity is promising for identifying differences in the physiological quality of sunflower seeds.
Seeds are a very important input for crops, and the use of low quality seeds and/or inadequate management affects the germination and hampers seedling emergence, which reduces the plant stand. There is a critical need for the development of rapid methods, which are both reliable and easy to perform, for evaluating the physiological potential of seeds. This would streamline the decision-making process regarding the management of lots and allow for the identification of seed lots of inadequate quality in the seed processing unit, which could then be discarded, and would consequently result in reduced costs associated with unnecessary processing. However, it is important that these methods are low cost and quick to perform. The aim of this study was to evaluate the correlation of respiratory activity of wheat seed, through Pettenkofer test, with tests that evaluate seeds physiological quality. We selected a seed lot of high physiological quality, then subjected the seeds to adverse temperature and relative humidity conditions to obtain different vigor levels. The adverse conditions used were 42ºC and 100% relative humidity, for periods of 6, 36, 66 and 96 hours. This process obtained seeds of five vigor levels which were subjected to the following tests: germination, field emergence, electrical conductivity, shoot and root length, total dry mass and respiratory activity. The results showed a negative correlation between respiratory activity and germination, emergence, shoot and root length and dry weight, whereas germination and emergence were strongly correlated with respiratory activity, r = -0.86 and r = -0.81, respectively. There was a significant positive correlation between conductivity and respiratory activity. Therefore, the respiratory activity test using the Pettenkofer method was correlated with other vigor tests, and allowed the classification of wheat seeds into lots of different levels of quality.
<p>A aveia branca é uma cultura de inverno utilizada em sucessão ao cultivo do arroz irrigado, estando sujeita ao estresse salino, devido ao acúmulo de sais no solo, principalmente na região sul do Rio Grande do Sul. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a germinação de sementes, o crescimento inicial das plântulas de nove genótipos de aveia branca, bem como identificar os genótipos contrastantes para o caráter tolerância à salinidade. Para isso, os genótipos foram submetidos a diferentes concentrações salinas (0, 25, 50, 75 e 100 mM de NaCl por litro de água), sendo analisadas as seguintes variáveis: porcentagem de germinação, primeira contagem de germinação, índice de velocidade de germinação, comprimento e massa seca da parte aérea e raízes das plântulas. As variáveis analisadas foram afetadas negativamente com o aumento da concentração de NaCl. O comprimento de raiz e o comprimento de parte aérea constitui em variáveis promissoras na separação dos genótipos em relação às diferentes concentrações salinas, permitindo selecionar dois genótipos contrastantes à salinidade, o URS 22 caracterizado como tolerante e o UPF 16 como sensível.</p>
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