Quantitative sensory testing is widely used in human research to investigate the state of the peripheral and central nervous system contributions in pain processing. It is a valuable tool to help identify central sensitization and may be important in the treatment of low back pain. The aim of this study was to evaluate changes in local and segmental hypersensitivity and endogenous pain inhibition in people with chronic nonspecific low back pain. Thirty patients with chronic low back pain and thirty healthy subjects were studied. Pressure pain thresholds (PPTs) were measured from the lumbar region and over the tibialis anterior muscle (TA). A cold pressor test was used to assess the activation of conditioned pain modulation (CPM), and PPTs in the lumbar region were recorded 30 s after immersion of participant’s foot in a bucket with cold water. People with chronic low back pain have significantly lower PPT than controls at both the lumbar region [89.5 kPa (mean difference) 95 % CI 40.9–131.1 kPa] and TA [59.45 kPa (mean difference) 95 % CI 13.49–105.42 kPa]. During CPM, people with chronic low back pain have significantly lower PPT than controls in lumbar region [118.6 kPa (mean difference) 95 % CI 77.9–159.2 kPa]. Women had significantly lower PPTs than men in both lumbar region [101.7 kPa (mean difference) 95 % CI 37.9–165.7 kPa] and over the TA [189.7 kPa (mean difference) 95 % CI 14.2–145.2 kPa]. There was no significant difference in PPTs in men between healthy controls and those with low back pain, suggesting the significant differences are mediated primarily by difference between women.

These results suggest that although the IFC has changed some physiological mechanisms of pain and showed decrease frequency use of pain medication, there was no change in the primary aim, pain intensity. WHAT DOES THIS STUDY ADD?: The interferential current (IFC) presented advantages in the physiological measures of pain and showed decrease frequency use of pain medication. Future studies should investigate analgesic intake with IFC treatment.

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BackgroundLow back pain is an important public health problem that is associated with poor quality of life and disability. Among the electrophysical treatments, interferential current (IFC) has not been studied in patients with low back pain in a high-quality randomised controlled trial examining not only pain, but pain mechanisms and function.Methods/designA three-arm randomised controlled trial with patient and assessor blinded to the group allocation. One hundred fifty patients with chronic, nonspecific low back pain from outpatient physical therapy clinics in Brazil. The patients will be randomly allocated into 3 groups (IFC 1 kHz, IFC 4 kHz or Placebo IFC). The interferential current will be applied three days per week (30 minutes per session) over four weeks. Primary outcome: Pain intensity. Secondary outcomes: The pressure pain threshold, global impression of recovery, disability, function, conditioned pain modulation and temporal summation of pain, discomfort caused by the current. All outcomes will be measured at 4 weeks and 4 months after randomisation. The between-group differences will be calculated by using linear mixed models and Tukey’s post-hoc tests.DiscussionThe use of a placebo group and double-blinding assessor and patients strengthen this study. The present study is the first to compare different IFC carrier frequencies in patients with chronic low back pain.Trial registrationBrazilian Registry of Clinical Trials: http://RBR-8n4hg2

A subluxação do ombro é comum em indivíduos que sofreram acidente vascular encefálico (AVE), podendo gerar dor, lesões do plexo braquial, capsulite adesiva e lesões nos músculos da bainha rotatória, implicando atraso da reabilitação e interferência na qualidade de vida. O objetivo deste estudo foi verificar os efeitos da estimulação elétrica funcional (EEF) na subluxação crônica do ombro em pacientes hemiplégicos que sofreram AVE. Foram avaliados três pacientes tendo tido AVE há mais de um ano com subluxação do ombro confirmada por exame de raios X. Foram analisados, antes e após o tratamento, o grau de subluxação e amplitude de movimento (ADM) do ombro, função sensório-motora pela escala de Fugl-Meyer e dor em repouso e à movimentação passiva por meio de escala visual analógica. Todos os pacientes foram submetidos a tratamento com fisioterapia convencional e EEF no membro hemiplégico por dez sessões. A análise dos resultados mostrou melhora em relação às medidas iniciais da ADM, da avaliação sensório-motora, dor e subluxação do ombro após o uso da EEF. Concluiu-se que a EEF, asociada à fisioterapia convencional, mostrou-se eficaz em produzir diminuição da subluxação, aumento da função do membro superior e agir no alívio da dor em pacientes com subluxação do ombro pós-AVE.

Purpose:To evaluate the effects of capsaicin on the viability of ischemic random-pattern skin flaps in rats. Methods: Forty EPM1-Wistar rats were randomized into two groups of 20 animals each, the capsaicin group and the control group. A random-pattern skin flap measuring 10 x 4cm was raised and a plastic barrier was placed between the flap and the donor site. After the surgical procedure, the control group was treated with an inert vehicle in the form of a cream applied uniformly to a rayon bandage which, in turn, was applied to the surface of the skin flap. The capsaicin group was treated in the same way, but in this case capsaicin was added to the cream. This procedure was repeated for two consecutive days. Results: There was a significantly smaller amount of flap necrosis in the capsaicin group (35.07%) than in the control group (44.75%) (p=0.035). Conclusion: Topical administration of capsaicin improved the viability of ischemic random-pattern skin flaps in rats. Key words: Capsaicin. Surgical Flaps. Neuropeptides. Necrosis. Rats. RESUMOObjetivo: Avaliar os efeitos da capsaicina na viabilidade de retalhos isquêmicos randômicos em ratos. Métodos: Quarenta ratos EPM1-Wistar foram distribuídos ao acaso em dois grupos de 20 animais cada, um grupo capsaicina e um grupo controle. Um retalho isquêmico randômico medindo 10 x 4cm foi elevado e uma barreira plástica foi colocada entre o retalho e a área doadora. Após o procedimento cirúrgico, o grupo controle foi tratado com um veículo inerte sob a forma creme aplicado uniformemente sobre uma atadura de rayon, que, por sua vez, foi aplicada à superfície do retalho. O grupo capsaicina foi tratado da mesma forma, porém a capsaicina foi adicionada ao creme. Este procedimento foi repetido por dois dias consecutivos. Resultados: Houve uma quantidade significativamente menor da necrose do retalho no grupo capsaicina (35,07%) comparado ao grupo controle (44,75%) (p=0,035). Conclusão: A administração tópica da capsaicina melhorou a viabilidade de retalhos isquêmicos randômicos em ratos.

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The aim of this study was to evaluate the time to relieving pain intensity in patients with non-specific chronic low back pain treated by interferential current. Knowledge of the number of sessions needed for relieving pain intensity is very important because it can be used as a measure of treatment effectiveness, and assists the physiotherapist in choosing the best treatment to be used. The analysis was conducted on a sample of 150 patients with non-specific chronic low back pain, using the Cox proportional hazard model. All analysis were performed by the free software R.