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There is a lack of information about the level of resistance of cotton genotypes to a wider range of Ramularia areola isolates occurring across the cotton growing areas of Brazil. For this purpose, firstly it is necessary to know the existence or not of genotypic and phenotypic variability among the R. areola isolates from different geographical origins. The objective of the present investigation was to verify the existence of phenotypic variability among 23 R. areola isolates collected from six cotton growing states of Brazil. Two resistant genotypes, FMT 02102996 and CNPA BA 2003-2059, and the susceptible genotype FMT 701 were individually inoculated with 23 R. areola isolates under glasshouse conditions and the severity of infection was evaluated 30 days after inoculation. Genotypes CNPA BA 2003-2059 and FMT 02102996 were susceptible to three isolates and resistant to the rest of the isolates. Genotype FMT 701 was susceptible to all the isolates except the isolates 22.3 and 42.7. Results indicate the existence of variability among R. areola isolates and that the three genotypes are useful in distinguishing phenotypic variability within isolates of this pathogen.

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Among the nutrients involved in the chicken diet, the microminerals deserve attention as they exert essential functions in

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Considering the microbial safety of consumption of raw foods (Asian food), this study aimed to explore the inactivation S. aureus in raw salmon by supercritical CD 2 treatment (SC-CD 2 ). For this purpose, experimental design methodology was employed as a tool to evaluate the effects of pressure (120-220 bar), the depressurization rate (10 to 100 bar.min -1) and the salmon:CD 2 mass relation (1:0.2 to 1:1.0). It was observed that the pressure and the depressurization rate was statistically significant, i.e. the higher the system pressure and depressurization rate, the greater the microbial inactivation. The salmon: CD 2 mass relation did not influence the S. aureus inactivation in raw salmon. There was a total reduction in S. aureus with 225 bar, a depressurizing rate of 100 bar.min -1 , a salmon: CD 2 mass relation of 1:0.6, for 2 hours at 33 °C.