RESUMO.O Brasil é um grande produtor de cana de açúcar, seu caldo é extraído por meio de moagem mecânica ou manual. Muitas vezes os manipuladores exercem outras funções concomitantemente, representando um dos meios de contaminação. Em vista disso, pode haver a contaminação por microrganismos e sujidades, desde o transporte e armazenamento até o seu consumo. Essa contaminação pode advir de condições inadequadas. Pelo exposto, objetivou-se avaliar as condições higiênicossanitárias do caldo de cana comercializado em Teresina, PI. As amostras foram obtidas em estabelecimentos escolhidos randomicamente. Foram coletadas nove amostras do caldo de cana em natureza, sendo três em cada estabelecimento e nove amostras industrializadas adquiridas em único estabelecimento, da mesma marca, sendo três amostras em cada dia, perfazendo um total de 18 amostras. Nas amostras em natureza houve a presença de coliformes a 35ºC e a 45ºC e ausência de Samonella spp em todas as amostras. Nas análises do caldo industrializado não foram encontrados coliformes a 35ºC e a 45ºC, como também Salmonella spp em nenhuma das amostras. As condições higiênicossanitárias satisfatórias do caldo de cana comercializado em Teresina, PI, depende do estabelecimento e se o mesmo é industrializado.
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Saccharomyces cerevisiae is widely applied as a probiotic in aquaculture activities, due to its ability to decontaminate the mycotoxin Aflatoxin B1 (AFB1). From this point, the present study aimed to evaluate the antifungal and anti-aflatoxigenic activities of inactivated Saccharomyces cerevisiae mixed with a commercial product (CP) of animal feed to assess its influence on the Aspergillus flavus and A. parasiticus fungi growth on the AFB1 production. Besides, AFB1 adsorption potential of S. cerevisiae and the commercial product was also investigated. Different concentrations of the commercial product alone and in the presence of inactivated yeast were analyzed by Aspergillus growth inhibition test, aflatoxin production by Aspergillus species, and AFB1 adsorption capacity. AFB1 detection and quantification were carried out by High-Performance Liquid Chromatography. The inactivated yeast and commercial product combination were effective in reducing A. flavus and A. parasiticus growth. A. flavusproduced less AFB1 after the inactivated yeast treatment, whereas A. parasiticus produced significantly less AFB1under a combination of inactivated yeast and 50% CP. Regarding AFB1 adsorption, 100% CP displayed the highest adsorption capacity at 10 ng mL-1 AFB1. At 25 ng mL-1 AFB1, only the treatment comprising inactivated yeast associated with 50% CP led to AFB1 adsorption, albeit at low levels. It was concluded that the association between the commercial additive and inactivated S. cerevisiae was effective in reducing the growth of fungi and there was AFB1 adsorption activity.
Mycotoxins are products resulting from fungi metabolism normally present in the environment and which can develop in food. The aim of this study was the fungi quantification, aflatoxin detection and investigation of ergot alkaloids occurrence in pelleted feed for adult equines during storage. The feed samples were collected from three rural properties with equideoculture activity in the city of Teresina, Piauí, Brazil. The results showed that was no significant difference (p<0.05) for the counting of colony-forming units (CFU/g) of filamentous fungi and yeasts in the samples. Aflatoxins B1, B2, G1 and G2 were found in acceptable amounts and the other fungal metabolites: ergometrine, griseofulvin, festuclavin, ergine and lysergol. Concluding, the results of this study demonstrate that amount of filamentous fungi and the water activity present in the original package remain constant after six days of storage. Four types of aflatoxins were found: AFB1, AFB2, AFG1, AFG2 and the Ergot alkaloids: ergine, ergometrine, festuclavine, griseofulvin and lisergol in amounts within acceptable limits. These groups of toxic compounds produced by fungi can be present in equine feed and may lead to a risk to their health.
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