RESUMO.O Brasil é um grande produtor de cana de açúcar, seu caldo é extraído por meio de moagem mecânica ou manual. Muitas vezes os manipuladores exercem outras funções concomitantemente, representando um dos meios de contaminação. Em vista disso, pode haver a contaminação por microrganismos e sujidades, desde o transporte e armazenamento até o seu consumo. Essa contaminação pode advir de condições inadequadas. Pelo exposto, objetivou-se avaliar as condições higiênicossanitárias do caldo de cana comercializado em Teresina, PI. As amostras foram obtidas em estabelecimentos escolhidos randomicamente. Foram coletadas nove amostras do caldo de cana em natureza, sendo três em cada estabelecimento e nove amostras industrializadas adquiridas em único estabelecimento, da mesma marca, sendo três amostras em cada dia, perfazendo um total de 18 amostras. Nas amostras em natureza houve a presença de coliformes a 35ºC e a 45ºC e ausência de Samonella spp em todas as amostras. Nas análises do caldo industrializado não foram encontrados coliformes a 35ºC e a 45ºC, como também Salmonella spp em nenhuma das amostras. As condições higiênicossanitárias satisfatórias do caldo de cana comercializado em Teresina, PI, depende do estabelecimento e se o mesmo é industrializado.

A Tilápia do Nilo é uma das espécies mais cultivadas no mundo, seu rendimento pode atingir entre 30 e 40% do peso do animal. O resíduo de pescado é um termo referente aos subprodutos resultantes do processamento de pescados. Com relação ao peixe, o material residual é constituído por restos obtidos do processamento de filés ou outros cortes que resultam em restos de carne, cabeça, pele, ossos, escamas e vísceras. Com isso, a utilização dos resíduos de filetagem de tilápia na tecnologia de alimentos tem como proposito minimizar as perdas econômicas das indústrias, diminuição do impacto ambiental e também a oportunidade de inserir o peixe na culinária através do desenvolvimento de produtos.

Tilapia comprises one of the most cultivated fish species worldwide, mainly commercialized in the form of fillets. As a result, the amount of waste generated by processing is high, with tilapia skin being commonly discarded and not used as food for human consumption. In this context, the aim of this study was to dry residual filleted tilapia skins in a solar dehydrator and perform physical-chemical analyses after drying in order to evaluate the potential for the development of byproducts. The skins were collected at a fish market on Mercado do Peixe in Teresina - PI. Treatments consisted of four sodium chloride concentrations (0.0%; 25.0%; 50.0% and 100.0%), with five replications, totaling 25 samples. The skins were dried in the solar dehydrator for 24 hours, followed by moisture, ash, protein, lipids, pH and water activity analyses. Moisture in the in naturaskins was 57.7%, differing significantly from the dehydrated tilapia skins, which ranged from 9.4% to 10.6%. The ash in the in natura skins was 0.17%, while dehydrated tilapia skins displayed variations from 1.19% to 4.17%. The crude protein found of the in natura skins was 41.4%, significantly different (P <0.05) from the skins submitted to the solar dehydration method. Based on these findings, the use of solar dehydrator for short periods is confirmed to favor the uniform dehydration of residual tilapia skin from filleting, generating a product with satisfactory bromatological patterns for the development of fish-based by-products.

The aim of this study was to develop Mechanically Separated Meat (MSM) nuggets produced using tilapia fillet residues (obtained from the filleting process performed at the Fish Market in Teresina, Piauí, Brazil) and cassava dough. Five nugget formulations were developed, and the following microbiological analyses were performed: Escherichia coli counts, coagulase-positive Staphylococcus counts, and Salmonella sp. detection. Physicochemical analyses were also carried out concerning moisture content, ash, protein, lipids, carbohydrates, calories, water activity and pH. A sensory analysis was performed by untrained tasters concerning color, aroma, flavor, texture, global acceptance, and purchase intention. The microbiological analyses results indicate that both the tilapia MSM and the prepared nuggets exhibited suitable hygienic sanitary standard for human consumption. The physicochemical assessments indicated a nutrient-rich product. Regarding the sensory analysis, good nugget acceptance was observed. In conclusion, the use of tilapia MSM to produce nuggets is a good way to use carcasses that would otherwise be discarded, and cassava dough up to 21.5% may be used for nugget production.

In the animal feed industry, an ever growing increase in quality has been observed, but the main feature of a food is related to its security because the contamination poses a risk to animal health. The problems caused by fungal colonization is the significant loss of food quality, because even those who do not produce mycotoxins cause losses in the nutritional quality. Researches show that the most important Fumonisins are the mycotoxins found in corn, particularly when cultivated in warmer regions, produced by the fungi Fusarium verticillioides and F. proliferatum. Equine leukoencephalomalacia is a disease caused by ingestion of mycotoxin produced by the fungus F. verticillioides. Those infective mycotoxins are fumonisin (B1, B2, A1 and A2), having the B1 type as the most common and the most severe. The animals contamination occurs by ingestion of corn and its by-products in food that are contaminated by the fungus. This review addresses the importance of fungal contamination of the genus Fusarium by the production of fumonisin in horse feed and its relation to leukoencephalomalacia.

O presente trabalho objetivou analisar a qualidade microbiológica do filé de tilápia (Oreochromis niloticus) e do gelo comercializado no Mercado do Peixe em Teresina, PI e avaliar a interação de contaminação entre as partes analisadas. Foram coletadas 24 amostras de peixes e três amostras de gelo no Mercado do Peixe em Teresina, PI, os peixes foram transportadas em caixas isotérmicas para o laboratório onde foram filetados. A primeira etapa consistia nas análises microbiológicas do filé e do gelo para contagem de bactérias heterotróficas mesófilas e psicrotróficas e enumeração de coliformes termotolerantes e totais. A outra parte do filé foi acondicionada em caixa isotérmica com a amostra de gelo para estocagem por oito horas, período este que corresponde ao período de comercialização no mercado do peixe. Decorrido esse tempo também eram realizadas as mesmas análises microbiológicas. Pode-se verificar que as amostras de gelo que foram analisadas imediatamente após chegar ao laboratório não apresentavam contaminação microbiológica. Entretanto, as amostras de filé possuíam índices semelhantes de contaminação bacteriana antes e após estocagem. O gelo que após ser utilizado para o acondicionamento do filé apresentou quantidade de bactérias heterotróficas mesófilas e psicrófilas semelhantes aos filés.

This systematic review aimed to list the functional properties attributed to collagen obtained from tilapia in scientific studies. The results showed that the antioxidant property is related to the form in which the collagen is presented and the method of antioxidant activity evaluation. It was observed a greater antioxidant activity in the collagen hydrolysate extract obtained from the skin, which plays an important role in the skin chronological aging and in the inhibitory capacity of the photoaging. The functional properties of tilapia collagen hydrolysate should be the object of future analysis in order to complement this research, before integrating them into the list of food or ingredients applicable to the food industry.

This research aimed to develop a fermented dairy beverage using whey as a dairy base with chia seed (Salvia hispanica L.) and acerola syrup (Malpighia emarginata) and to evaluate physicochemical parameters (pH, water activity, total soluble solids, acidity, syneresis), proximate composition (moisture, ash, proteins, milk fat, carbohydrates, and energy value), β-carotene, ascorbic acid, microbiological and sensory parameters. The acidity results ranged from 1% to 1.27%; pH from 3.86 to 4.11; soluble solids from 15.67 to 21.6; water activity from 0.93 to 0.99; syneresis from 46.67 to 68.08; they presented satisfactory conditions for thermotolerant coliforms. Salmonella spp. showed cell viability of L. acidophilus: E4 (2.9 x 107 to 9.7 x 107 ) and E8 (1.3 x 107 to 8.6 x 107), however Bifidobacterium spp. did not show any viability. The drinks had a good acceptance rate by the tasters (7.0). The humidity results were from 74.21% to 74.34%; ash from 0.42% to 0.55%; proteins from 2.93% to 2.99%, milk fat from 1.47% to 0.93%; carbohydrate from 20.97% to 21.19%; energy value from 108.83% to 105.09% and β-carotene from 12.33% to 8.19%; and ascorbic acid ranged from 222.23 (mg/100g) to 418.10 (mg/100g). It is concluded that formulated dairy drinks are considered a viable alternative for the food industry, with the differential of including chia seed and acerola pulp, due to their good sensory acceptance, physical-chemical stability, satisfactory sensory analysis, microbiological standards suitable in the 21-day storage period.