The aim of this work was to evaluate the soil quality of native forest, eucalyptus plantations, pasture, integrated crop-livestock, and no-tillage systems, correlating the morphological diversity of springtails with physical and chemical soil properties. Springtail samples were captured from soils of the southern plateau of the State of Santa Catarina in Brazil, during winter and summer, by using Pitfall traps, using a 3 × 3 point grid. The morphotyping of springtails consisted of the observation of five traits and for each one a partial value of the eco-morphological index was assigned to obtain the modified Soil Quality Index. A correlation of the morphotype abundance and diversity with physical (soil moisture, bulk density, biopores, microporosity, and macroporosity) and chemical (pH in water, calcium/magnesium ratio and total organic carbon content) soil properties was studied, describing all results by variance and multivariate analyses. The springtail abundance and diversity were influenced by the different land use systems. Higher soil quality index was determined in native forest followed by eucalyptus plantations, pasture, no-tillage system and integrated crop-livestock, in the winter. Moreover, higher soil quality index was found in native forest followed by integrated crop-livestock, eucalyptus plantations, no-tillage system and pasture, in the summer. Therefore, the quality index of a soil can be evaluated by the springtail morphological traits in correlation with the physical and chemical properties such as calcium/magnesium ratio, total organic carbon contents, biopores, macroporosity, microporosity, soil moisture, bulky density and pH.
A agricultura, quando executada inadequadamente, provoca inúmeras modificações na composição e diversidade dos organismos do solo, em diferentes intensidades. O objetivo deste trabalho foi conhecer a composição da fauna edáfica em diferentes sistemas de uso do solo (SUS). O estudo foi realizado no município de Braço do Norte (SC), na fazenda experimental da Universidade do Sul de Santa Catarina (Unisul). Os SUS utilizados foram cultivo de macieira, pessegueiro, videira, maracujazeiro, campo nativo e floresta secundária. O delineamento experimental foi inteiramente casualizado, com oito repetições. Para a avaliação da fauna edáfica, realizaram-se duas coletas, utilizando o método de “Trampa Provid” e fazendo a contagem dos organismos por ordem taxonômica. A abundância da fauna edáfica foi analisada pelos índices de diversidade de Shannon (H), dominância de Simpson (Is), uniformidade de Pielou (e) e riqueza de ordens. A área de videira mostrou o menor valor para os índices, sendo o local com a menor H, Is e “e”, demonstrando maior ação antrópica e ambiente mais degradado. A floresta secundária apresentou os mais elevados índices H, Is, “e”, mostrando maior diversidade de organismos. Este estudo evidencia que a diversidade da fauna edáfica pode ser considerada um atributo-chave para a manutenção da estrutura do ambiente.
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