Using life role salience theory, we investigated the extent to which occupational, parental, marital, and home care roles explained mental health outcomes among female expatriate spouses. Participants (N ¼ 86) were from English-speaking Northern American or Western European countries; the average age was 38. Results of a two-way within-subject analysis of variance suggested that the occupational role was least important. In a comparison of role expectations, participants had greater value for (than commitment to) their parental role; the reverse was true for the marital role. Results of a path analysis explained 10% of the variance in psychological distress via a direct path from career role importance (b ¼ .14) and an indirect path from the marital role importance through marital satisfaction (b ¼ À.12). Three paths (parental role importance, b ¼ .14; home care role importance, b ¼ .15; indirectly from marital role importance through marital satisfaction, b ¼ .18) explained 24% of the variance in psychological well-being.
This study investigated the acquisition, interpretation, and utilization of research evidence in the 4-H Youth Development Program from the frame of Social Cognitive Theory. Utilizing Consensual Qualitative Research, we interviewed twenty 4-H faculty, staff, and volunteers from seven states. Results indicated four domains, which covered participants' definitions of research utilization, their experiences utilizing research, the process of acquiring and distributing research, and barriers and facilitators to research utilization. Participants described research use primarily in terms of improving 4-H programs. They discussed their level of confidence (i.e. self-efficacy) in finding and applying research evidence and their beliefs about the outcomes of research utilization (i.e. outcomes expectancy). Participants mentioned such barriers as not knowing where to look for research, lack of time, lack of funding, and difficulty applying research findings to their work. The facilitators included support from other 4-H colleagues and availability of 4-H specific conferences, publications, and curriculum databases.
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